Rezonancija (hemija)

Dve rezonantne strukture azot dioksida

U hemiji, rezonanca or mezomerizam[1] je način opisivanja delokalizovanih elektrona unutar pojedinih molekula ili poliatomskih jona gde se vezivanje ne može izraziti jednom Luisovom formulom. Molekul ili jon sa takvim delokalizovanim elektronima se predstavlja sa nekoliko rezonantnih struktura[2] ili kanoničkih formi.

Svaka rezonantna struktura se može prikazati Luisovom strukturom, sa celim brojem kovalentnih veza između svakog para atoma u strukturi.[3] Nekoliko Luisovih struktura se kolektivno koristi za opisivanje molekulske strukture. Individualne rezonantne strukture nisu rezonantno stabilizovani molekuli. Molekul ne osciluje između njih, mada se to u izvesnom smislu proizlazi iz reči „rezonanca“. Stvarna struktura je približni intermedijar između kanoničkih formi. Njena sveukupna energija je niža od bilo koje pojedinačne rezonantne strukture. Taj intermedijar se naziva rezonantni hibrid.[4] Rezonantne strukture se razlikuju samo po poziciji elektrona, a ne po poziciji nukleusa. Rezonancija je ključna komponenta teorije valentne veze.

Elektronska delokalizacija snižava potencijalnu energiju supstance, te je čini stabilnijom od rezonantnih struktura. Razlika između potencijalne energije stvarne strukture i rezonantne strukture sa najnižom potencijalnom energijom se naziva rezonantna energija[5] ili energija delokalizacije.

Rezonancija se razlikuje od tautomerije i konformacionog izomerizma, koji se sastoje od formiranja izomera, te dolazi do preuređenja pozicija nukleusa.

Reference

  1. ^ IUPAC Gold Book mesomerism PDF
  2. ^ IUPAC Gold Book resonance PDF
  3. ^ IUPAC Gold Book contributing structure PDF Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (10. јун 2007)
  4. ^ Linus Pauling: The Nature of the chemical bond - An Introduction to Modern Structural Chemistry Cornell University Press, third Edition 1960, The Concept of Resonance, pp.10-13
  5. ^ IUPAC Gold Book resonance energy PDF Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (10. јун 2007)

Vidi još

Spoljašnje veze

Rezonancija на Викимедијиној остави.

Read other articles:

بلدة نوفي (ميشيغان)

بلدة نوفي     الإحداثيات 42°27′22″N 83°28′56″W / 42.456111111111°N 83.482222222222°W / 42.456111111111; -83.482222222222  تقسيم إداري  البلد الولايات المتحدة  التقسيم الأعلى مقاطعة أوكلاند، ميشيغان  خصائص جغرافية  المساحة 0.1 ميل مربع  ارتفاع 274 متر  عدد السكان  عدد السكان 1...

 

Бокс на літніх Олімпійських іграх 2020 — до 69 кг (жінки)

Бокс, до 69 кгна XXXII Олімпійських іграх Місце проведенняРегоку КокугіканДати24 липня 2021 — 7 серпня 2021Учасників18 з 18 країнПризери  Бусеназ Сюрменелі  Туреччина Гу Хон  Китай Ловліна Боргохайн  Індія Оше Джонс  США 2024 → Бокс н

 

Pengembangan web

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Pengembangan web – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Pengembangan web Pengembangan web adalah istilah yang luas untuk pekerjaan yang terlibat dalam mengembangkan suatu situs web untuk int...

Mike Sanford Jr.

American football player and coach (born 1982) Mike SanfordSanford at 2018 C-USA KickoffCurrent positionTitleOffensive CoordinatorTeamMead High School (Mead, CO)Biographical detailsBorn (1982-02-04) February 4, 1982 (age 41)Lexington, Virginia, U.S.Playing career2000–2004Boise State Position(s)QuarterbackCoaching career (HC unless noted)2005–2006UNLV (GA)2007–2008Stanford (OA)2009Yale (RC/TE/FB)2010Western Kentucky (QB)2011Stanford (RB)2012Stanford (RC/RB)2013Stanford (RC/QB/WR)201...

 

Hôtel de ville de Saint-Étienne

Hôtel de ville de Saint-ÉtiennePrésentationDestination actuelle Hôtel de villeArchitecte Pierre-Antoine DalgabioJean-Michel DalgabioConstruction 1821Propriétaire Ville de Saint-Étienne (d)Gestionnaire Ville de Saint-Étienne (d)Patrimonialité Recensé à l'inventaire généralLocalisationPays FranceRégion Auvergne-Rhône-AlpesDépartement LoireCommune Saint-ÉtienneAdresse PL HOTEL DE VILLE, BP 503, 42007 ST ETIENNE CEDEX 1Coordonnées 45° 26′ 25″ N, 4° 23′...

 

Sensor final de carrera

Interruptor final de carrera. Dentro de los componentes electrónicos, se encuentra el final de carrera o sensor de contacto (también conocido como interruptor de límite), son dispositivos electrónicos, neumáticos o mecánicos situados al final del recorrido o de un elemento móvil, como por ejemplo una cinta transportadora, con el objetivo de enviar señales que puedan modificar el estado de un circuito. Internamente pueden contener interruptores normalmente abiertos (NA), cerrados (NC) ...

Lord's New Church Which Is Nova Hierosolyma

The Lord's New Church Which Is Nova HierosolymaClassificationRestorationist Christianity[1]TheologySwedenborgianPolityEpiscopalFounderFormer members of the General Church of the New JerusalemOrigin1937 Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania, U.S. and The Hague, The NetherlandsBranched fromGeneral Church of the New JerusalemCongregationsMinistries or societies in the United States (Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania), Lesotho, South Africa, the Netherlands, Sweden, Croatia, Serbia and UkraineMembersApproximat...

 

Visa FIVB Beach Volleyball International

The podium at the Visa FIVB Beach Volleyball International The Visa FIVB Beach Volleyball International was a women's beach volleyball tournament held at Horse Guards Parade, London, between 9 and 14 August 2011. It was the beach volleyball test event for the 2012 Summer Olympics and was part of the London Prepares series. The tournament, run as an exhibition, was won by the Brazilian pair Maestrini and Vieira. 2,274 tonnes of sand was transported to the parade ground for the event. After the...

 

Mulia Prianto

Mulia PriantoKabidhumas Polda Jambi Informasi pribadiLahir19 Oktober 1974 (umur 49)JakartaAlma materAkademi Kepolisian (1997)Karier militerPihak IndonesiaDinas/cabang Kepolisian Daerah JambiMasa dinas1997—sekarangPangkat Komisaris Besar PolisiSatuanSDMSunting kotak info • L • B Kombes. Pol. Mulia Prianto, S.Sos., S.I.K. (lahir 19 Oktober 1974) adalah seorang perwira menengah Polri yang sejak 16 November 2020 mengemban amanat sebagai Kabidhumas Polda Jambi.[1...

Province of Monza and Brianza

Province of Italy Province in Lombardy, ItalyProvince of Monza and Brianza Provincia di Monza e della Brianza (Italian)Provincia de Monscia e de la Brianza (Lombard)ProvinceRoyal Villa (Italian: Villa Reale) FlagCoat of armsMap highlighting the location of the province of Monza and Brianza in ItalyCountry ItalyRegionLombardyCapital(s)MonzaComuni55Government • PresidentLuca Santambrogio (Lega)Area[1] • Total405 km2 (156 sq mi)Popula...

 

Châu Thành, Trà Vinh

Châu Thành Huyện Huyện Châu Thành Chính điện chùa Hang ở huyện Châu ThànhHành chínhQuốc gia Việt NamVùngĐồng bằng sông Cửu LongTỉnhTrà VinhHuyện lỵThị trấn Châu ThànhTrụ sở UBNDSố 208, đường 2/9, khóm 2, thị trấn Châu ThànhPhân chia hành chính1 thị trấn, 13 xãThành lập1917Tổ chức lãnh đạoChủ tịch UBNDThạch Thị Sa ThyChủ tịch HĐNDHuỳnh Công LậpĐịa lýTọa độ: 9°52′40″B 106°20′37...

 

John Spencer (mayor)

John Spencer40th Mayor of YonkersIn officeJanuary 1, 1996 – January 1, 2004Preceded byTerence M. ZaleskiSucceeded byPhilip A. AmiconeMember of the Yonkers City Councilfrom the 3rd districtIn officeJanuary 1, 1990 – January 1, 1996Preceded byCharles A. Cola[1]Succeeded byRichard J. Martinelli[2] Personal detailsBornDaniel Patrick Spencer (1946-11-17) November 17, 1946 (age 77)White Plains, New York, U.S.Political partyRepublicanSpouses Eileen Looney &...

49-Mile Scenic Drive

Artikel atau sebagian dari artikel ini mungkin diterjemahkan dari 49-Mile Scenic Drive di en.wikipedia.org. Isinya masih belum akurat, karena bagian yang diterjemahkan masih perlu diperhalus dan disempurnakan. Jika Anda menguasai bahasa aslinya, harap pertimbangkan untuk menelusuri referensinya dan menyempurnakan terjemahan ini. Anda juga dapat ikut bergotong royong pada ProyekWiki Perbaikan Terjemahan. (Pesan ini dapat dihapus jika terjemahan dirasa sudah cukup tepat. Lihat pula: panduan pen...

 

Trasianka

Mixed Belarusian–Russian language Part of a series onBelarusians Culture Language Literature Music Art Cinema Cuisine By regions Russia USA Poland Australia United Kingdom Canada Closely related peoples Paleszuki Padlašuki Belarusian Poles Lithuanian Poles Latvian Poles Belarusian Jews Russians Ukrainians Rusyns Cossacks Religion Russian Orthodoxy also Autocephalous Catholic Church in Belarus also Belarusian Greek Catholic Church Languages and dialects Belarusian Russian Trasianka Topics H...

 

Academia Mexicana de la Lengua

Language organization in Mexico This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Academia Mexicana de la Lengua – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Mexican Academy of the LanguageAcademia Mexicana de la LenguaAbbreviationAMLFormation18...

Anupama (1966 film)

This article is about the 1966 film. For the 1981 film, see Anupama (1981 film). 1966 Indian filmAnupamaPosterDirected byHrishikesh MukherjeeWritten byRajinder Singh Bedi Biren Tripathy (Dialogue Director)Screenplay byBimal Dutta D.N. MukherjeeStory byHrishikesh MukherjeeProduced byL. B. LachmanStarringDharmendraSharmila TagoreShashikalaDeven VermaCinematographyJaywant PathareEdited byDas DhaimadeMusic byHemant KumarKaifi Azmi (lyrics)Release date1966 (1966)Running time148 minutesCountry...

 

Colaba Assembly constituency

Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India Colaba Assembly constituency is one of the 288 Vidhan Sabha (legislative assembly) constituencies of Maharashtra state within Mumbai City in western India.[1] Rahul Narwekar of the BJP is currently the MLA of Colaba Constituency Overview Colaba (constituency number 187) is one of the ten Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in the Mumbai City district.[2] Colaba is part of the Mumbai South Lok Sabha constituency alon...

 

ジョージ2世 (イギリス王)

ジョージ2世George II グレートブリテン王ハノーファー選帝侯 トマス・ハドソンによる肖像画、1744年作。在位 1727年6月22日 - 1760年10月25日戴冠式 1727年10月22日別号 アイルランド国王全名 英: George Augustusジョージ・オーガスタス独: Georg Augustゲオルク・アウグスト出生 1683年11月9日 神聖ローマ帝国 カレンベルク侯領、ハノーファー、ヘレンホイザー宮殿[1]または...

Deadline (2009 film)

2009 American filmDeadlineOfficial teaser posterDirected bySean McConvilleWritten bySean McConvilleProduced byRoger BettertonStarringBrittany MurphyTammy BlanchardThora BirchMarc BlucasCinematographyRoss RichardsonEdited byChris LevitusMusic byCarlos José AlvarezProductioncompaniesEnso EntertainmentKRU StudiosFilms In MotionDistributed byFirst Look PicturesRelease dates October 5, 2009 (2009-10-05) (United Kingdom) December 1, 2009 (2009-12-01) (United S...

 

Chimoio

Chimoio Chimoio adalah ibu kota Provinsi Manica, Mozambik. Merupakan kota terbesar ke-5 di Mozambik dengan jumlah penduduk mencapai 177.608 jiwa (pr. 1997). Terletak 95 km dari perbatasan dengan Zimbabwe dan sejumlah imigran Zimbabwe ada di kota ini. Pada masa kolonialisme kota ini bernama Vila Pery. Kota ini terletak di antara jalur kereta api antara ke Harare, dekat Cabeça do Velho. Artikel bertopik geografi atau tempat Mozambik ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia den...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!