Dirichletova funkcija lambda

Dirichletova funkcija lambda ${\displaystyle \lambda (s)\,}$ je v matematiki specialna funkcija definirana kot Dirichletova L-vsota:^[1][2][3]

${\displaystyle \lambda (s)=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {1}{(2n+1)^{s}}}=\left(1-{\frac {1}{2^{s}}}\right)\zeta (s),\qquad (\Re (s)>1)\!\,,}$

kjer je ${\displaystyle \zeta (s)\,}$ Riemannova funkcija ζ. Imenuje se po nemškem matematiku Petru Gustavu Lejeuneu Dirichletu.

Značilnosti

Dirichletova funkcija ${\displaystyle \lambda \,}$ je povezana z Riemannovo funkcijo ζ in Dirichletovo funkcijo η kot:

${\displaystyle {\frac {\lambda (s)}{2^{s}-1}}={\frac {\zeta (s)}{2^{s}}}={\frac {\eta (s)}{2^{s}-2}}\!\,}$

in:

${\displaystyle 2\lambda (s)=\zeta (s)+\eta (s)\!\,.}$

Dirichletova funkcija ${\displaystyle \lambda \,}$ je posebni primer Legendrove funkcije ${\displaystyle \chi _{\nu }(z)\,}$ za ${\displaystyle z=1\,}$:

${\displaystyle \chi _{n}(1)=\lambda (n)=\left(1-{\frac {1}{2^{n}}}\right)\zeta (n)=\left(1+{\frac {1}{2^{n}-2}}\right)\eta (n)\!\,.}$

Posebne vrednosti Dirichletove funkcije λ

Za soda pozitivna cela števila velja:^[2]

${\displaystyle \lambda (2n)=\left(2^{2n}-1\right){\frac {(-1)^{n-1}B_{2n}\pi ^{2n}}{2(2n)!}},\qquad (n\in \mathbb {N} )\!\,,}$

kjer so B_2n Bernoullijeva števila.

Za liha pozitivna cela števila velja:^[2]

${\displaystyle \lambda (2n+1)=\sum _{k=1}^{n}\left((-1)^{k-1}\lambda (2n-2k+2)\right)+(-1)^{n}\beta (1)J(2n),\qquad (n\in \mathbb {N} )\!\,,}$

kjer je ${\displaystyle \beta (s)\,}$ Dirichletova funkcija β, ${\displaystyle J(s)\,}$ pa integralska funkcija:^[2]

${\displaystyle J(s)={\frac {1}{\Gamma (s+1)}}{\frac {2}{\pi }}\int _{0}^{\pi /2}{\frac {x^{s}}{\sin x}}\mathrm {d} x\!\,,}$

kjer je ${\displaystyle \Gamma (s)\,}$ funkcija Γ.

${\displaystyle \lambda (-3)=-7\zeta (-3)=-{\frac {7}{120}}=-0,058{\overline {3}}\!\,.}$

${\displaystyle \lambda (-1)=-\zeta (-1)={\frac {1}{12}}=0,08{\overline {3}}\!\,.}$

${\displaystyle \lambda (0)=0\!\,.}$

${\displaystyle \lambda (1/2)=\left(1-{\frac {\sqrt {2}}{2}}\right)\zeta (1/2)=-0,427727932693\ldots \!\,.}$

${\displaystyle \lambda (1)=1+{\frac {1}{3}}+{\frac {1}{5}}+\cdots =\infty \!\,.}$

${\displaystyle \lambda (3/2)=1,688761186655\ldots \!\,.}$

${\displaystyle \lambda (2)=1+{\frac {1}{3^{2}}}+{\frac {1}{5^{2}}}+\cdots ={\frac {\pi ^{2}}{8}}=1,233700550136\ldots \!\,,}$ (OEIS A111003).

${\displaystyle \lambda (3)=\lambda (2)J(1)-\beta (1)J(2)={\frac {7\zeta (3)}{8}}=1,051799790264\ldots \!\,.}$

${\displaystyle \lambda (4)=1+{\frac {1}{3^{4}}}+{\frac {1}{5^{4}}}+\cdots ={\frac {\pi ^{4}}{96}}=1,014678031604\ldots \!\,.}$

${\displaystyle \lambda (5)=\lambda (4)J(1)-\lambda (2)J(3)+\beta (1)J(4)={\frac {31\zeta (5)}{32}}=1,004523762795\ldots \!\,.}$

${\displaystyle \lambda (6)=1+{\frac {1}{3^{6}}}+{\frac {1}{5^{6}}}+\cdots ={\frac {\pi ^{6}}{960}}=1,001447076640\ldots \!\,.}$

${\displaystyle \lambda (7)=\lambda (6)J(1)-\lambda (4)J(3)+\lambda (2)J(5)-\beta (1)J(6)={\frac {127\zeta (7)}{128}}=1,000471548652\ldots \!\,.}$

Velja tudi zveza:^[4]

${\displaystyle \log D=\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{\frac {(-1)^{2n+1}}{n}}\left({\frac {2D}{\pi }}\right)^{2n}\lambda (2n)\!\,,}$

kjer je ${\displaystyle D\,}$ Dottiejino število.

Glej tudi

• Dirichletova funkcija beta
• Legendrova funkcija hi
• Kepler-Bouwkampova konstanta

Sklici

1. Abramowitz; Stegun (1972), str. 807.
2. Kim (2014).
3. Cvijović (2007).
4. Maresh (2011).

Viri

• Abramowitz, Milton; Stegun, Irene Anne (1972). »Riemann Zeta Function and other Sums of Recirocal Powers. §23.2«. Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables (9. izd.). New York: Dover. str. 807–808. ISBN 978-0486612720. MR 0167642. Glej razdelek §23.2
• Cvijović, Djurdje (2007). »Integral representations of the Legendre chi function«. J. Math. Anal. Appl. Zv. 332. str. 1056–1062. arXiv:0911.4731. doi:10.1016/j.jmaa.2006.10.083.
• Kim, JeonWon (2014). »Functional Equations related to the Dirichlet lambda and beta functions«. arXiv:1404.5467 [math:NT].
• Maresh, Owen (11. februar 2011). »the logarithm of the dottie number and Dirichlet's lambda function«. tsungfruve.wordpress.com (v angleščini). Pridobljeno 13. junija 2015.
• Spanier, J.; Oldham, K. B. (1987). An Atlas of Functions. New York: Hemisphere.

Zunanje povezave

• Weisstein, Eric Wolfgang. »Dirichlet Lambda Function«. MathWorld.