Manchester

Manchester
City and metropolitan borough
Clockwise from top: Skyline of Manchester City Centre, Beetham Tower, Manchester Civil Justice Centre, Midland Hotel, One Angel Square, Manchester Town Hall
Coat of arms
Nicknames:  "Cottonopolis", "Warehouse City", "Madchester", "The Rainy City"
Motto(s):  "Concilio Et Labore" "By wisdom and effort"
Manchester shown within Greater Manchester
Manchester Location of Manchester within the United Kingdom Show map of North West of England Manchester Manchester (the United Kingdom) Show map of the United Kingdom Manchester Manchester (Europe) Show map of Europe
Coordinates: 53°28′46″N 2°14′43″W
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Constituent country	England
Region	North West England
City region	Manchester
Ceremonial county	Greater Manchester
Historic county	Salford Hundred, Lancashire (north of River Mersey) Cheshire (south of River Mersey)
Founded	1st century
Town charter	1301
City status	29 March 1853
Administrative HQ	Manchester (Town Hall)
Government
• Type	Metropolitan borough
• Body	Manchester City Council
• Leadership	Leader and Cabinet
• Executive
• Leader	Sir Richard Leese
• Lord Mayor	June Hitchen[1]
• Chief Executive	Joanne Roney
Area
• City	44.7 sq mi (115.7 km^2)
• Urban	243.4 sq mi (630.3 km^2)
• Rank	204th
Elevation	125 ft (38 m)
Population  (2005 est.)
• City	541,300
• Rank	5th
• Density	12,100/sq mi (4,680/km^2)
• Urban	2,553,379 (2nd)
• Urban density	10,490/sq mi (4,051/km^2)
• Metro	2,856,000 (List of metropolitan areas in Europe)
• Ethnicity[2]	White groups (66.7% ) Asian (14.4%) Black (8.6%) Mixed (4.7%) Chinese (2.7%) Arab (1.9%) Other (1.2%)
Demonyms	Mancunian Manc (colloq.)
Time zone	UTC+0 (Greenwich Mean Time)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+1 (British Summer Time)
Postcode areas	M
Dialling code	0161
ISO 3166 code	GB-MAN
GSS code	E08000003
NUTS 3 code	UKD33
OS grid reference	SJ838980
Motorways	M56 M60 A57(M) A635(M)
Trunk primary routes	A5103
Major railway stations	Manchester Airport (B) Manchester Oxford Road (C1) Manchester Piccadilly (A) Manchester Victoria (B)
Tramways	Metrolink
International airports	Manchester (MAN)
GDP	US$ 95.3 billion[3]
– Per capita	US$ 38,233[3]
MPs	Graham Stringer (L) Lucy Powell (L) Afzal Khan (L) Jeff Smith (L) Mike Kane (L)
Councillors	96
European Parliament	North West England
Police area	Greater Manchester
Fire service	Greater Manchester
Ambulance service	North West
Website	www.manchester.gov.uk

Manchester is a city in North West England. In 2013 there were 514,417 people living there, which makes it the fifth largest city in the United Kingdom. By the 2021 Census there were 551,938 - the population went up by 0.96% a year. 173,189 were not born in the United Kingdom.^[4]

It is a city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. Manchester was given city status in 1853. The city is in the middle of the Greater Manchester Urban Area, which has 2,240,230 people,^[5] and is the United Kingdom's third largest built-up place.

Manchester is a very important city in England, and is often called the "Capital of the North".^[6] Manchester has many places for the arts, places for learning, businesses providing media as well as lots of shops. In a poll of British managers in 2006, Manchester was named the best place in Britain to have a business.^[7] A report in 2007 said Manchester is a fast-growing city (meaning lots of jobs are being created).^[8] Manchester was the host of the 2002 Commonwealth Games. It has two well-known football teams, Manchester United and Manchester City.^[9]

In 2023 Greater Manchester Police conducted an operation in the Cheetham Hill district near Strangeways Prison where there had long been a lot of criminal activity. Operation Vulcan shut down 100 shops in Manchester. 580 tonnes of items, including clothes, drugs and illicit tobacco, were confiscated from 207 shipping containers. They said this was the largest ever seizure of counterfeit goods in the UK.^[10] The city councils of Manchester and Salford are proposing a substantial redevelopment of the area. They would like to move the prison out of Strangeways.^[11]

Geography

The City of Manchester; the area is almost all "built-up".

Manchester is 160 miles (257 km) northwest of England's capital, London. The city has many canals and rivers which were important to its growth, especially in the 18th and 19th centuries.^[12] The largest open space in the city is Heaton Park. It has an area of about 618 acres (250 ha).^[13] Heaton Park is a place that attracts many people every year. People go there to see the many animals and the beauty of the countryside. Much of Manchester is built-up (or 'urbanised'). Much of Manchester's rain comes over from the Pennines, which are hills to the east of the city.^[14] The city is mainly urban areas but also has some areas which are mainly of farmland. To the south of the centre is Manchester Airport. This is the third largest airport in the United Kingdom.^[15]

In popular culture

A revival of the city's importance started in the 1980s. This was partly led by a vibrant music scene whose spirit was called 'Madchester'. It was led by bands such as The Happy Mondays and Joy Division.^[16] Indie band The Smiths also came from Manchester. The scene was partly fuelled by the number of students attending the universities and further education colleges in the city. Manchester has the most students in the United Kingdom in term time.^[17]

The University of Manchester is the largest university in the UK. It has over 30,000 students.^[18] The city also has the UK's fourth largest university, the Manchester Metropolitan University.^[19]

The city has two Premier League football teams, Manchester United and Manchester City. Football is a very important part of the culture of the city. Many of the people support or show interest in the sport.^[20]

Transport

A Metrolink tram going through the city centre

Manchester and North West England are served by Manchester Airport. The airport has the most passengers in the UK outside London, with 22.1 million passengers in 2007. Planes fly to lots of destinations in Europe, North America, the Caribbean, Africa, the Middle East and Asia (with more destinations from Manchester than from London Heathrow).^[21]

Manchester is very well served by train and in terms of passengers, Manchester Piccadilly was the busiest English train station outside London in 2005 and 2006.^[22] Northern Rail operates all over the north of England, and other operators include Virgin Trains. The Liverpool and Manchester Railway was the first passenger railway in the world. Greater Manchester has a very big railway network. The city centre has over a lot of park and ride sites.^[23] Manchester became the first city in the UK to get a new tram system when the Manchester Metrolink opened in 1992. There are lots of new lines being built.^[24]

The city has one of the biggest bus networks outside London with over 50 bus companies operating in the Greater Manchester area around the city. First Manchester and Stagecoach Manchester are the main bus operators.^[25] First Manchester also operates three free bus services called Metroshuttle which carry workers around Manchester's business areas.^[26]

The Rochdale Canal, the Ashton Canal and the Bridgewater Canal meet in Manchester. Today they are mainly used for leisure. The Manchester Ship Canal is open, but not many boats use it.^[27]

Buildings

Manchester's buildings display many different types of building styles, from Victorian to contemporary architecture. The very common use of red bricks characterises the look of the city. Much Manchester's architecture dates back to its days as a global centre for the trade of cotton.^[28] Just outside the city centre is a large number of former cotton mills, some of which have been left mostly untouched since they were closed, while many others have been turned into apartment buildings and office spaces.Manchester Town Hall, in Albert Square, was built in the gothic revival style and is thought of by many to be one of the most important Victorian buildings in all of England.^[29]

Education

The entrance to Whitworth Hall, part of the University of Manchester campus

There are two universities in the city of Manchester. The University of Manchester, created in 2004 when Victoria University of Manchester and UMIST were combined, is the largest full-time non-collegiate university in the United Kingdom.^[19] The Manchester Business School, at the University of Manchester, was the first school to offer an MBA course in the United Kingdom in 1965. Manchester Metropolitan University was created as Manchester Polytechnic on the merger of three colleges in 1970. It was given university status in 1992, and in the same year, combined with Crewe and Alsager College of Higher Education, in South Cheshire.^[30]

Health

There are big differences in the health of people between the richer areas and the poorer parts of the city, A man from the richest area can expect to live eight years longer.^[31]

Twin cities

Manchester has twinning plans (or "friendship agreements") with lots of places.^[32][33] In addition, the British Council has a "metropolitan centre" in Manchester.^[34] Although not an official twin city, Tampere, Finland is known as "the Manchester of Finland" – or "Manse" for short. Also, Ahmedabad, India became the centre of a booming textile industry, and it got the nickname "the Manchester of the East."^[35][36]

	Country		Place		County / District / Region / State	Date
	Nicaragua		Bilwi		Puerto Cabezas	n/a
	Germany		Chemnitz[37]		Saxony	1983
	Spain		Córdoba		Córdoba	n/a
	Israel		Rehovot		Center District	n/a
	Russia		Saint Petersburg		Northwestern Federal District	1962
	China		Wuhan		Hubei	1986
	Pakistan		Faisalabad		Punjab	1997

References

1. "Manchester's Lord Mayor". Manchester.gov.uk. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
2. "2011 Census – Key statistics for local authorities in England and Wales". ONS. Retrieved 7 November 2013.
3. "Global city GDP 2013–2014". Brookings Institution. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
4. "Manchester (Metropolitan Borough, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
5. United Kingdom Census 2001 (2001). "Key Statistics for urban areas in England and Wales". statistics.gov.uk. Retrieved 2007-06-29.
6. "Manchester "the north's dynamite capital"". England's North West. 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-11.
   • "About Manchester". The University of Manchester. 2003. Archived from the original on 2006-10-27. Retrieved 2006-10-24.
   • "Northern Soul Club UK Life Guide". British Council. 2003. Retrieved 2006-10-24.
7. "Britain's Best Cities 2005–2006 Executive Summary" (PDF). OMIS Research. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-11-26. Retrieved 2007-09-08.
8. "Manchester – The State of the City". Manchester City Council. 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-11.
9. Note: Manchester United's ground is in Greater Manchester but outside Manchester city limits; it is in the borough of Trafford
10. "Cheetham Hill raids: Largest haul of fake goods in UK history, say GMP". BBC News. 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2023-07-04.
11. Whelan, Dan (2023-07-03). "Manchester, Salford link up for 320-acre Strangeways regeneration". Place North West. Retrieved 2023-07-04.
12. "Waterways in Manchester". Pennine Waterways. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
13. "HeatonPark.org". Heaton Park. Archived from the original on 2014-10-06. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
14. Thomas, Lesley (2008-08-28). "Don't rain on our parade, Nemanja Vidic". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
15. "Manchester Airport". Manchester City Council. Archived from the original on 2009-11-20. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
16. "Rochdale claims its place in pop history". Manchester Evening News. 2009-09-26. Retrieved 2009-10-04.
17. "Local Area Info". Archived from the original on 2010-05-14. Retrieved 2009-10-23.
18. "Manchester still top of the popularity league". University of Manchester. 18 January 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-10-12. Retrieved 2007-09-11.
19. "Manchester still top of the popularity league". University of Manchester. 18 January 2007. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
20. "Football fever". Visit Manchester web pages. Visit Manchester. Archived from the original on 2007-10-27. Retrieved 2007-09-23.
21. Wilson, James (26 April 2007). "A busy hub of connectivity". Financial Times – FT report – doing business in Manchester and the NorthWest. The Financial Times Limited.
22. "Passenger Numbers 2005-06". Archived from the original on 2013-01-22. Retrieved 2007-10-01.
23. "GMPTE Park & Ride – Stations and Stops". GMPTE. 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-10-09. Retrieved 2007-09-11.
24. "Metrolink: a network for the twenty-first century" (PDF). GMPTE. 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-27. Retrieved 2007-09-19.
25. "GMPTE Trends and Statistics 2001/2002" (PDF). GMPTE. 2002. pp. 28–9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-27. Retrieved 2007-09-19.
26. Satchell, Clarissa (22 September 2005). "Free buses on another city route". Manchester Evening News. M.E.N media. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
27. "North West Cities". Waterscape. British Waterways. 2007. Archived from the original on 2008-10-24. Retrieved 2007-09-19.
    •Pivaro, Nigel (20 October 2006). "Ship canal cruising is all the rage". Manchester Evening News. M.E.N media. Retrieved 2007-09-19.
28. Hartwell, Clare (2001). Pevsner Architectural Guides: Manchester. London, England: Penguin Books. pp. 11–17, 155, 256, 267–268. ISBN 0140711317.
29. Robinson (1986), The Architecture of Northern England, p. 153
30. Fowler, Alan (1994). Many Arts, Many Skills: Origins of Manchester Metropolitan University. Manchester: Manchester Metropolitan University. pp. 115–20, 226–8. ISBN 1-870355-05-9.
31. Vesty, Helena (2023-03-12). "Mancunians are dying too soon... this is the bold - and risky - plan for change". Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
32. Stevens, Val (18 May 2007). "Questions to the Deputy Leader in 2007". Manchester City Council web pages. Manchester City Council. Archived from the original on 2008-01-04. Retrieved 2007-09-14.
33. "Friendship Agreements". Manchester City Council. Archived from the original on 2008-06-11. Retrieved 2008-01-11.
34. "British Council Annual Report". British Council. 2006. Archived from the original on 2009-01-17. Retrieved 2007-07-07.
35. Engineer, Ashgar Ali (2003). The Gujarat Carnage. Orient Longman. p. 196. ISBN 8125024964.
36. Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (2006). "Profile of the City Ahmedabad" (PDF). Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation Ahmedabad, Urban Development Authority and CEPT University, Ahmedabad. Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-19. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
37. At the time of the twinning agreement, the city was in the German Democratic Republic and named Karl-Marx-Stadt. See "Friendship Agreements". Manchester City Council. Archived from the original on 2008-06-11. Retrieved 2008-01-11.

Further reading

• General
  • Beesley, Ian (1988). Victorian Manchester and Salford. Keele: Ryburn. ISBN 1-85331-006-9.
  • Hylton, Stuart (2003). A History of Manchester. Chichester: Phillimore & Company. ISBN 1-86077-240-4.
  • Kidd, Alan J (1993). Manchester. Town and City Histories. Keele: Ryburn. ISBN 1-85331-016-6.
  • The Mancunian Way. Manchester: Clinamen Press Ltd. 2002. ISBN 1-903083-81-8.
  • Redhead, Brian (1993). Manchester: a Celebration. London: Andre Deutsch Ltd. ISBN 0-233-98816-5.
  • Schofield, Jonathan (2005). The City Life Guide to Manchester. Manchester: City Life. ISBN 0-9549042-2-2.
• Culture
  • Champion, Sarah (1990). And God Created Manchester. Manchester: Wordsmith. ISBN 1-873205-01-5.
  • Gatenby, Phill (2002). Morrissey's Manchester: The Essential "Smiths" Tour. Empire Publications. ISBN 1-901746-28-3.
  • Haslam, Dave (2000). Manchester, England. New York: Fourth Estate. ISBN 1-84115-146-7.
  • Lee, C P (2002). Shake, Rattle and Rain – Popular Music Making in Manchester 1955–1995. Hardinge Simpole. ISBN 1-84382-049-8.
  • Lee, C P (2004). Like The Night (Revisited): Bob Dylan and the Road to the Manchester Free Trade Hall. London: Helter Skelter Publishing. ISBN 1-900924-33-1.
  • The Hacienda Must Be Built. International Music Publications. 1992. ISBN 0-86359-857-9.

Other websites

• "Manchester City Council". Retrieved 2009-10-24.
• "Visit Manchester, the official tourist board". Retrieved 2009-10-24.
• "The Official Manchester City Guide". Archived from the original on 2011-09-02. Retrieved 2009-10-24.
• "BBC Manchester". Retrieved 2009-10-24.
• "Rail map of Greater Manchester" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-14. Retrieved 2009-10-24.
• "National Statistics Profile". Retrieved 2009-10-24.