Triglicerid

Primer nezasićenog masnog triglicerida. Levi deo: glicerol, desni deo od gore: palmitinska kiselina, oleinska kiselina, alfa-linolenskia kiselina, hemijska formula: C55H98O6

Triglicerid (TG, triacilglicerol, TAG, triacilglicerid) je estar glicerola i tri masne kiseline.[1] On je glavni sastojak masti (biljnih ulja i životinjskih masti).[2]

Hemijska struktura

Trigliceridi se formiraju kombinovanjem glicerola i tri molekula masnih kiselina. Molekul glicerola sadrži tri hidroksilne (HO-) grupe. Svaka masna kiselina ima karboksilnu grupu (COOH). U trigliceridima su hidroksilne grupe glicerola spojene sa karboksilnim grupama masnih kiselina estarskim vezama[3]:

HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH + RCO2H + R'CO2H + R''CO2H → RCO2CH2CH(O2CR')CR'' + 3H2O

Tri masne kiseline (RCO2H, R'CO2H, R''CO2H u gornjoj jednačini) su obično različite. Znatan broj vrsta triglicerida je poznat. Dužina lanca masnih kiselina prirodnih triglicerida varira, ali većina sadrži 16, 18, ili 20 atoma ugljenika. Prirodne masne kiseline nađene u biljkama i životinjama se tipično sastoje od parnog broja atoma ugljenika, što je posledica njihovog biosintetičkog puta koji koristi dvoatomske gradivne blokove acetil CoA. Bakterije, međutim, imaju sposobnost sinteze neparnih i razgranatih masnih kiselina.

Reference

  1. ↑ „Nomenclature of Lipids”. IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (CBN). Pristupljeno 8. 3. 2007. 
  2. ↑ David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox (2005). Principles of Biochemistry (4th izd.). New York: W. H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-4339-6. 
  3. ↑ Clayden Jonathan, Nick Greeves, Stuart Warren, Peter Wothers (2001). Organic chemistry. Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850346-6. 

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