Nordijci

Naseljavanje Nordijaca u ranom srednjem vijeku

Nordijci (engleski: Norsemen) je izraz koji doslovno znači "Ljudi sa sjevera" odnosno "Sjevernjaci", a u historijskom kontekstu označava pripadnike sjevernih germanskih naroda od 8. do 11. vijeka koji su govorili staronordijskim jezikom, a od kojih potiču suvremeni Danci, Norvežani, Šveđani, Farci i Islanđani, odnosno koji su se u tom periodu naseljavali na područje današnje Engleske, Škotske, Velsa, Irske, Finske, Estonije, Letonije, Latvije, Poljske, Njemačke, Grenlanda, Rusije i Ukrajine, te imali značajan uticaj na njihove historije u ranom srednjem vijeku.

Izraz potiče od starofranačke riječi Nortmann ("čovjek sa sjevera"), a koji je potom postala latinska riječ Normanni, poznata. Ta je riječ, između ostalog, postala poznata i po molitvi A furore normannorum libera nos domine ("Od bijesa nordijskog/sjevernjačkog nas spasi, Gospodine") koji su u ranom srednjem vijeku izgovarali redovnici samostana u zapadnoj Evropi, suočeni sa pljačkaškim napadima nordijskih Vikinga u 8. i 9. vijeku. Ista je riječ ušla i u starofrancuski kao Normands, ali se ona u svojem užem smislu primjenjuje na Normane, odnosno grupu Nordijaca koja se u 10. vijeku naselila, a potom romanizirala u današnjoj francuskoj pokrajini koja je po njima dobila ime Normandija.

Među Slavenima, Bizantincima i Arapima se, pak, za Nordijce koristio izraz Rus, a koji se danas uglavnom koristi za stanovnike nordijskih naselja na obalama Baltika, a od kojih potiče današnji izraz Rusi i Rusija. Još jedna pod-grupa Nordijaca je poznata pod nazivom Varjazi, a istakla se kao garda bizantskih careva.

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