Biblijska kritika

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Biblijska kritika ili biblijski kriticizam je naučno pručavanje tekstova Biblije. Biblijska kritika datira dela, ustanovljuje njihovo autorstvo, istražuje okolnosti njihovog porekla i književne osobenosti.[1]

Biblijska kritika se oslanja na širok spektar naučnih disciplina, uključujući arheologiju, antropologiju, folklor, lingvistiku, izučavanje usmenog predanja, i istorijske i religijske studije. Biblijska kritika, definisana kao tretman biblijskih spisa kao prirodnih, a ne natprirodnih artefakata, izrasla je iz racionalizma 17. i 18. veka. U 19. veku bila je podeljena na visoku kritiku, koja izučava kompoziciju i istoriju biblijskih tekstova, i nižu kritiku, koja ispituje tekst radi utvrđivanja originalnosti ili "ispravnog" čitanja.

Biblijska kritika takođe igra važnu ulogu u potrazi za istorijskim Isusom. Kritički proučavaoci uglavnom smatraju istorijski autentičnim krštenje Isusa, njegovu propoved i raspeće, dok različite navode o rođenju, kao i određene detalje o raspeću i usrksnuću, generalno smatraju neautentičnim.[2][3][4][5][6][7] Većina naučnika se slaže da je Isus bio Jevrejin, smatran učiteljem i isceliteljem, kršten od Jovana Krstitelja, i razapet u Jerusalimu po naređenju rimskog prefekta Judeje Pontija Pilata, na osnovu optužbi za pobunu protiv Carstva.[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]

Tekstolozi su sa relativnom pouzdanošću locirali nekoliko mesta u preživelim biblijskim rukopisima koja ne predstavljaju izvorni tekst Novog zaveta.[19] Neki od takvih odlomaka iz evanđelja, za koje danas prilično pouzdano znamo da nisu izvorno pripadali Novom zavetu, su postali delovi Biblije popularni kod hrišćana vekovima.[19]

Takođe, osporeno je tradicionalno pripisivanje autorstva nekim biblijskim spisima. Kritički proučavaoci koriste izraz pseudo-Pavlova pisma za poslanice kojima autor nije bio apostol Pavle, u koje ubrajaju Timotiju I i II, Kološanima, Efežanima i Titu.[20]

Povezano

Izvori

  1. Мень А. В. Критика библейская
  2. Who is Jesus? Answers to your questions about the historical Jesus, by John Dominic Crossan, Richard G. Watts (Westminster John Knox Press 1999), page 108
  3. James G. D. Dunn, Jesus Remembered, (Eerdmans, 2003) page 779-781.
  4. Stagg, Evelyn and Frank. Woman in the World of Jesus. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1978 ISBN 0-664-24195-6
  5. Funk, Robert W. and the Jesus Seminar. The acts of Jesus: the search for the authentic deeds of Jesus. HarperSanFrancisco. 1998. "Empty Tomb, Appearances & Ascension" p. 449-495.
  6. Bruce M. Metzger's Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament: Šablon:Bibleref2 is missing in some important early witnesses, Šablon:Bibleref2 varies between the Alexandrian and Western versions.
  7. Rev. John Edmunds, 1855 The seven sayings of Christ on the cross Thomas Hatchford Publishers, London, page 26
  8. Brown, Raymond E. (1994). The Death of the Messiah: from Gethsemane to the Grave: A Commentary on the Passion Narratives in the Four Gospels. New York: Doubleday, Anchor Bible Reference Library. str. 964. ISBN 978-0-385-19397-9. 
  9. Carson, D. A.; et al.. str. 50–56. 
  10. Cohen (1987). str. 78, 93, 105, 108. 
  11. Crossan. str. xi—xiii. 
  12. Grant, Michael. str. 34–35, 78, 166, 200. 
  13. Paula Fredriksen (1999). Alfred A. Knopf. str. 6–7, 105–110, 232–234, 266. 
  14. Meier, John P. (1993). 1:68, 146, 199, 278, 386, 2:726. Sanders. str. 12–13. 
  15. Vermes, Géza (1973). „Jesus the Jew”. Philadelphia: Fortress Press. str. 37. 
  16. Maier, Paul L. (1991). Kregel. str. 1, 99, 121, 171. 
  17. Wright, N. T. (1998). HarperCollins. str. 32, 83, 100–102, 222. 
  18. Witherington, Ben III. str. 12–20. 
  19. 19,0 19,1 Bart Ehrman - Isus to nije rekao (scribd)
  20. Elejn Pejgels - Gnostička evanđelja (scribd)

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