Пещерный жемчуг

Пещерный жемчуг в Карлсбадских пещерах, Нью-Мексико, США.

Пещерный жемчуг — один из типов натёчных образований в карстовых пещерах[1]. Представляет собой шарики кальцита, которые образуются медленной кристаллизацией карбоната кальция из раствора на зародыше (песчинка) при постоянном вращении шариков. Механизм образования подобен росту настоящих жемчужин в моллюсках. Как правило, пещерный жемчуг образуется в углублениях на дне пещер, под постоянной капелью. Падающие с достаточной высоты капли, насыщенные растворённым карбонатом кальция, переворачивают жемчужины, не давая им «прирасти» к основанию, и поставляют материал для кристаллизации.

В Европе, Азии, Америке пещерный жемчуг встречается во многих карстовых пещерах в известняках, в частности в Сибири, на Урале и Кавказе. Однако поскольку он формируется и накапливается в углублениях на дне пещер, эти созданные природой «клады» часто подвергаются разграблению со стороны посетителей подземных залов или жемчужины оказываются затоптанными ими.

См. также

Примечания

  1. ↑ Жемчуг пещерный — «Терминология карста», Д. А. Тимофеев, [[Дублянский, Виктор Николаевич|В. Н. Дублянский]], Т. З. Кикнадзе, М. Наука, 1991. Дата обращения: 29 июня 2012. Архивировано 15 февраля 2013 года.

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