Лаппмарк

Лаппмарк, также Лаппмаркен (швед. Lappmarken) — историческое название северной части Швеции (включавшей территорию современной Финляндии), населённой преимущественно саамами.

Территория Лаппмарка приблизительно соответствует историческим провинциям Лаппланд (Швеция) и Лаппи (Финляндия), но могла пониматься и шире, включая территории Вестерботтена, Норрботтена, Емтланда, а также губернии (фюльке) Финнмарк в Норвегии.

Области Лаппмарка

По крайней мере с начала XIV века до 1550 года в северных районах Швеции биркарлы обладали монополией на торговлю с саамами. За это право они ежегодно платили короне, защищавшей их права. Биркарлы, которые жили в низовьях Турнеэльвен, Лулеэльвен и Питеэльвен, разделили эту территорию на отдельные регионы (лаппмарки), географически представлявшие собой долины рек с прилегающими территориями. Так появились шесть лаппмарков:

Эти территории превратились в административные единицы, когда Густав Васа в 1550 году отменил привилегии биркарлов, позволив своим фогтам напрямую взимать налог с саамов.

Литература

  • Kvenangen, Per Guttorm; Samernas historia (1996), ISBN 91-7716-052-5
  • Lundmark, Lennart; Samernas skatteland (2006), ISBN 91-85190-78-0
  • Sköld, Peter; Samerna och deras historia (1993), ISSN 0283-9717

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