Fermiu

Fermiu

EinsteiniuFermiuMendeleviu
Er
   
(257)
100
Fm
 
               
               
                                   
                                   
                                                               
                                                               
Fm
Upb
Tabelul completTabelul extins
Informații generale
Nume, Simbol, Număr Fermiu, Fm, 100
Serie chimică Actinide
Grupă, Perioadă, Bloc 3, 7, f
Densitate kg/m³
Culoare albă - cenușie
Număr CAS 7440-72-4
Număr EINECS
Proprietăți atomice
Masă atomică 257 u
Rază atomică pm
Rază de covalență pm
Rază van der Waals pm
Configurație electronică Rn 5f12 7s2
Electroni pe nivelul de energie 2, 8, 18, 32, 30, 8, 2
Număr de oxidare 2, 3
Oxid
Structură cristalină
Proprietăți fizice
Fază ordinară solid
Punct de topire 1527° C 1800° K
Punct de fierbere  K
Energie de fuziune kJ/mol
Energie de evaporare kJ/mol
Temperatură critică  K
Presiune critică  Pa
Volum molar m³/kmol
Presiune de vapori
Viteza sunetului m/s la 20 °C
Forță magnetică
Informații diverse
Electronegativitate (Pauling) 1,3
Capacitate termică masică J/(kg·K)
Conductivitate electrică S/m
Conductivitate termică W/(m·K)
Prima energie de ionizare 627 kJ/mol
A 2-a energie de ionizare kJ/mol
A 3-a energie de ionizare {{{potențial_de_ionizare_3}}} kJ/mol
A 4-a energie de ionizare {{{potențial_de_ionizare_4}}} kJ/mol
A 5-a energie de ionizare {{{potențial_de_ionizare_5}}} kJ/mol
A 6-a energie de ionizare {{{potențial_de_ionizare_6}}} kJ/mol
A 7-a energie de ionizare {{{potențial_de_ionizare_7}}} kJ/mol
A 8-a energie de ionizare {{{potențial_de_ionizare_8}}} kJ/mol
A 9-a energie de ionizare {{{potențial_de_ionizare_9}}} kJ/mol
A 10-a energie de ionizare {{{potențial_de_ionizare_10}}} kJ/mol
Cei mai stabili izotopi
Simbol AN T1/2 MD Ed PD
MeV
252Fmsintetic25,39 hFS
α
-
7,153
-
248Cf
stabil cu 152 neutroni
253Fmsintetic3 zileε
α
0,333
7,197
253Es
249Cf
stabil cu 153 neutroni
255Fmsintetic20,07 hFS
α
-
7,241
-
251Cf
stabil cu 155 neutroni
257Fmsintetic100,5 zileFS
α
-
6,864
-
253Cf
stabil cu 157 neutroni
Precauții
NFPA 704
Unitățile SI și condiții de temperatură și presiune normale dacă nu s-a specificat altfel.
Fermiu
Configurația electronică a atomului de fermiu
Aliaj din fermiu și yterbiu

Fermiul este un element chimic sintetic din categoria actinidelor, care are numărul atomic 100 și simbolul chimic Fm. Este cel mai greu element ce se poate obține prin bombardarea cu neutroni ai elementelor ușoare și ultimul element ce se poate obține în cantități macroscopice, dar nu s-a reușit încă obținerea de fermiu metalic pur.[1] Se cunosc 19 izotopi, din care 257Fm este cel mai stabil, având timp de înjumătățire de 100,5 zile.

Istoric

A fost descoperit prima dată în resturile rămase de la explozia primei bombe cu hidrogen ("Ivi Mike") din 1 noiembrie 1952, fiind și primul test de succes al bombei cu hidrogen.[2][3][4]

Referințe

  1. ^ Silva, Robert J. (2006). "Fermium, Mendelevium, nobelium, și Lawrencium" (PDF). În Morss, Lester R., Edelstein, Norman M.,. Fuger, Jean Chimie al actinidelor și elemente Transactinide 3 (3rd ed.). Dordrecht: Springer. pp. 1621-1651. doi : 10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_13 . ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5 .
  2. ^ "Einsteinium" . Arhivat din original la 2007-10-26 . Adus de 2007-12-07 .
  3. ^ Fermium – National Research Council Canada. Retrieved 2 December 2007
  4. ^ Ghiorso, Albert (2003). "Einsteinium and Fermium". Chemical and Engineering News 81 (36): 174. doi:10.1021/cen-v081n036.p174.

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