Talibanização

Talibanização é um termo criado na sequência da ascensão do movimento Talibã no Afeganistão para se referir ao processo em que outros grupos ou movimentos religiosos seguem ou imitam as rigorosas práticas dos talibãs. [1][2]

Etimologia

Foi usado primeiramente para descrever áreas ou grupos de fora do Afeganistão que passaram sob a influência dos talibãs, tais como as áreas do Waziristão no Paquistão, [3][4] ou situações análogas à relação Talibã-al-Qaeda, como a União das Cortes Islâmicas na Somália e o seu abrigo a membros da al-Qaeda,[5][6][7] ou o abrigo similar de extremistas islâmicos na Nigéria, [8][9] e em outras partes do mundo, como Bangladesh. Em Bangladesh, o Partido Nacionalista de Bangladesh foi acusado de "talibanizar" o país, especialmente em sua perseguição à minoria hindu. [10]

O termo foi usado em um editorial do Boston Globe publicado em 6 de novembro de 1999, alertando para a ameaça emergente do regime talibã quase dois anos antes dos atentados de 11 de setembro de 2001. [11]

Referência a não-muçulmanos

O termo também é usado de maneira não literal, sendo aplicado a entidades e organizações não-islâmicas por aqueles que as acusam de manter "políticas repressivas" com base em suas respectivas religiões.

Nos Estados Unidos, alguns membros da esquerda podem usá-lo como uma crítica ao Partido Republicano e a Christian Right em suas alegações de que a implementação de políticas de direita radical está baseada no cristianismo fundamentalista. [12]

No Brasil, o termo é usado pejorativamente e com frequência por adeptos da esquerda para descrever a influência de grupos e movimentos fundamentalistas cristãos, principalmente dos evangélicos neopentecostais, nos setores políticos, judiciário e midiáticos.[13][14]

Na Índia, ocasionalmente, diferentes neologismos análogos são usados pelos acusadores, tais como alegações de "safronização" usadas para descrever ou criticar as políticas de direita relacionadas ao nacionalismo hindu [15] ou como um insulto usado pela extrema-esquerda[16][17] e grupos anti-hindus.[18][19] O termo também foi usado para denotar o extremismo sikh (Khalistan)[20][21] e para os terroristas naxalitas de extrema-esquerda, cujas ações foram comparadas às táticas talibãs.[22][23]

Referências

  1. The Fundamentalist City?: Religiosity and the Remaking of Urban Space by Nezar Alsayyad. p. 226
  2. The Talibanization of Southeast Asia: losing the war on terror to Islamist extremists. Bilveer Singh. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007
  3. «Border Backlash». MSNBC. 31 de julho de 2006. Cópia arquivada em 12 de janeiro de 2007 
  4. «Terrorism Monitor: Afghanistan and Pakistan Face Threat of Talibanization». Jamestown Foundation. 18 de maio de 2006. Cópia arquivada em 21 de novembro de 2006 
  5. Roland Marchal (5 de fevereiro de 2007). «Somalia: A New Front Against Terrorism». Social Science Research Council 
  6. «Somali Islamists take hold of Mogadishu». Taiwan News 
  7. Somalia: From Stateless Order to Talibanisation? (ARI) Fundación Real Instituto Elcano.
  8. The Talibanization of Nigeria. Sharia Law and Religious Freedom, Jonathan Schanzer, Middle East Quarterly, Winter 2003 VOLUME X: NUMBER 1
  9. «Sharia Law Threatens Nigeria's Stability». Center for Religious Freedom. 27 de março de 2002. Cópia arquivada em 9 de janeiro de 2006 
  10. Bangladesh: The Next Afghanistan? by Hiranmay Karlekar. New Delhi: Sage, January 2006. ISBN 0-7619-3401-4
  11. «The threat of Talibanization». Boston Globe. 6 de novembro de 1999 
  12. Blaker, Kimberly, The Fundamentals of Extremism: The Christian Right in America, New Boston, Mich, 2003, ISBN 0-9725496-1-7
  13. A religião como trampolim - Gazeta Digital [4 de Fevereiro de 2006]
  14. Talibanização evangélica no Brasil, Chico Lobo [05/05/2006]
  15. «INDIA: Righting or rewriting Hindu history». Inter Press Service. Fevereiro de 2000. Consultado em 13 de janeiro de 2007 
  16. Ethnic and Racial Studies Volume 23 Number 3 May 2000 pp. 407–441 ISSN 0141-9870 print/ISSN 1466-4356
  17. The Politics of Education in India Arquivado em 2005-12-17 no Wayback Machine, R. Upadhyay, South Asia Analysis Group
  18. «The Pitfalls of Pluralism: Talibanization and Saffronization in India». 2004. Cópia arquivada em 3 de setembro de 2006 
  19. Puzzling Dimensions and Theoretical Knots in my Graduate School Research, Yvette Rosser
  20. «The Better Half of Sikh History». The Sikh Times. 1 de setembro de 2005. Singh Safa: The Talibanization of Sikhism. The invention of new rituals by the Singh Sabha was aimed at reasserting 'social control' (p. 109). This imposition of artificial homogeneity by the Tat Khalsa was tantamount to what I have termed the 'Talibanization' of Sikhism. 
  21. Talibanisation of Sikhism The Hindu.
  22. Maoist ape Taliban tactics TimesNow.tv
  23. Naxals behead kidnapped cop, Taliban style NDTV

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