Cindy Crawford

For the Arkansas politician, see Cindy Crawford (politician).

Cindy Crawford
Crawford in 2015
Born
Cynthia Ann Crawford

(1966-02-20) February 20, 1966 (age 58)
DeKalb, Illinois, U.S.
EducationNorthwestern University (dropped out)
Occupations
  • Model
  • actress
  • television personality
Years active1983−present
Spouses
​
​
(m. 1991; div. 1995)​
​
(m. 1998)​
Children2, including Kaia Gerber
Modeling information
Height5 ft 9+1⁄2 in (1.77 m)[1]
Hair colorBrown[1]
Eye colorBrown[1]
AgencyStorm Management (London)
Websitecindy.com

Cynthia Ann Crawford (born February 20, 1966) is an American model. During the 1980s and 1990s, she was among the most popular supermodels and a ubiquitous presence on magazine covers and runways, as well as fashion campaigns. She subsequently expanded into acting and business ventures.

Early life

Crawford was born in DeKalb, Illinois, on February 20, 1966,[2] the daughter of Daniel Kenneth Crawford and Jennifer Sue Crawford-Moluf (née Walker).[3][4] She has two sisters, Chris and Danielle,[5] and a brother, Jeffery, who died of childhood leukemia at age 3.[6]

On the social media, she stated that her family had been in the United States for generations and that her ancestry was mostly German, English, and French.[7] She is a descendant of English Puritan settler Thomas Trowbridge, who helped establish the Congregational Church in New Haven.[8] She was raised in the Congregationalist faith and found it "incredible" that religious values "trickled down" to her family.[9] According to official census records, Crawford's paternal great-grandfather David Crawford was of Scottish ancestry from Northern Ireland who settled in Wisconsin.[10][11] Appearing in an episode of Who Do You Think You Are? in 2013, she discovered that her ancestors included European nobility and that she was descended from Charlemagne.[3][12]

In her sophomore year at high school, she received a call from a local clothing store regarding modeling work, only to discover it was a prank by two of her classmates. However, the following year, another store hired a number of high school girls, including Crawford, to work for them (including a fashion shoot). In her junior year, local photographer Roger Legel, whose duties included photographing a different college girl to be that week's coed in the DeKalb Nite Weekly, asked to take her picture for the publication; the result was Crawford's first cover.[13] The photo and positive feedback she received were enough to convince her to take up modeling. Initially, she worked with a small agency, which was sold to Elite Model Management shortly after she signed. In 1983, she entered Elite's Look of the Year contest at 17 and made the national finals.[14][15]

Crawford graduated from DeKalb High School in 1984 as valedictorian.[14][16] She earned an academic scholarship to study chemical engineering at Northwestern University, which she attended for only one quarter before dropping out to pursue a full-time modeling career. After working for photographer Victor Skrebneski in Chicago, she moved to New York City in 1986 and signed with the Elite New York modeling agency.[17][18]

Career

In 1987, Crawford appeared in the opening credits of the Michael J. Fox film The Secret of My Success. Three years later, she was featured alongside top models Christy Turlington, Linda Evangelista, Tatjana Patitz and Naomi Campbell on the cover of the January 1990 edition of British Vogue.[19] Crawford and the other four models subsequently appeared in the video for George Michael's hit "Freedom! '90" later that year. Subsequently, Crawford played the lost love of Jon Bon Jovi in the 1994 video for his version of "Please Come Home For Christmas", "John Taylor" in the 2011 video for Duran Duran's "Girl Panic" (featuring supermodels as the band, including Naomi Campbell as Simon Le Bon), and Headmistress in the 2015 video for Taylor Swift's "Bad Blood" as part of a cast including Jessica Alba, Selena Gomez, and fellow models Lily Aldridge, Cara Delevingne, Gigi Hadid, Martha Hunt and Karlie Kloss.

Crawford in 1995

She was frequently featured on the cover of multiple fashion and lifestyle magazines, including Vogue, W, People, Harper's Bazaar, Elle, Cosmopolitan, and Allure. A partial count in 1998 totalled over 500 appearances.[20] Crawford has walked the runway shows for Chanel, Versace, Dolce & Gabbana, Christian Dior, Calvin Klein, Ralph Lauren, Roberto Cavalli, Michael Kors, Thierry Mugler, Todd Oldham, DKNY, and Valentino. Crawford also appeared in many fashion campaigns during her career, including those for Versace, Calvin Klein, Escada, David Yurman, Oscar De La Renta, Balmain, Hermes, Ellen Tracy, Valentino, Bally, Liz Claiborne, Hervé Leger, Halston, Anne Klein, Isaac Mizrahi, Blumarine, Guess, Ink, Gap, and Revlon. She has also worked for Omega, Maybelline, Clairol, Pepsi, and Chilean retail stores Ripley (partner of Macy's).

In July 1988, she posed nude for Playboy magazine in a shoot by photographer Herb Ritts.[21] In October 1998, Crawford returned to the pages of Playboy for a second nude pictorial, again taken by Ritts.[22] She was ranked number 5 on Playboy's list of the 100 sexiest stars of the 20th century. A 1997 Shape magazine survey of 4,000 picked her as the second (after Demi Moore) most beautiful woman in the world. In 2002, Crawford was named one of the 50 most beautiful people by People magazine. In her forties, she claimed No. 26 in the 2006 Hot 100 issue of Maxim magazine.[23] She was named No. 3 on VH1's 40 Hottest Hotties of the 90s and was named one of the "100 Hottest Women of All-Time" by Men's Health.[24]

The red Versace dress she wore to the 63rd Academy Awards in 1991 had a major influence on fashion, and many copies and fakes of the dress were produced.[25][26][27] In 1992, Crawford—through GoodTimes Home Video and her company Crawdaddy Productions—made an exercise video with Radu Teodorescu named Cindy Crawford: Shape Your Body; although criticised by some[who?] for being unsafe,[citation needed] it was hugely successful and led to two equally lucrative followups, Cindy Crawford: The Next Challenge in 1993 (again with Radu) and Cindy Crawford: A New Dimension in 2000; the latter, made with fitness expert Kathy Kaehler and produced not long after Crawford gave birth to her first child, was aimed at new mothers getting back into shape. In 2001, Crawford also made a shorter fitness video aimed at children, Mini-Muscles with Cindy Crawford and the Fit-wits, an animated production featuring the voices of Crawford (who also appears at the beginning in live action), Radu and Kobe Bryant.

The inaugural issue of George, a short lived political magazine in the 1990s, featured Crawford dressed like George Washington on the cover. In 2005, the American Society of Magazine Editors listed it as the 22nd best magazine cover of the last 40 years.[28]

Crawford has also been on TV and in films. From 1989 to 1995, Crawford was host and executive producer of MTV's House of Style. In the early 1990s, Crawford starred in the Pepsi and Pepsi Stuff advertising.[29][30] In 1992, she appeared in Pepsi's Super Bowl commercial,[31] aired during Super Bowl XXVI. In 2016, Pepsi released a remake of the commercial, also featuring Crawford.[31] In 1995, Crawford broke into movies as the female lead in the movie Fair Game. Her performance was panned by critics—Leonard Maltin commented "In her acting debut, supermodel Crawford makes a good jogger."[32] The film was also a financial failure, with expenses of $50 million and $11 million takings at the box office. In 2001, she costarred as part of an ensemble cast in The Simian Line. Again the film was not successful or critically acclaimed, but Crawford's acting was not criticized. She has had many lesser roles guest starring on TV and as supporting roles, often playing herself. For example, in 2000, she was one of the celebrities (along with Victoria Silvstedt, Anna Falchi and Megan Gale) playing themselves in the Italian comedy Body Guards – Guardie del corpo. In the 1990s, Carol Shaw, her make-up artist, named a lipstick color after Crawford as a part of the Lorac Cosmetics lip-wear line.[33]

In the late 1990s, she made a number of appearances in magician David Copperfield's stage shows, standing in for her fellow supermodel Claudia Schiffer as Copperfield's guest assistant. During these appearances, she took part in a number of different illusions including being levitated, guillotined, and sawn in half in Copperfield's Clearly Impossible illusion. On a number of occasions, she joined Copperfield and Schiffer in a performance of the Double Sawing illusion in which both women were sawn in half and then reassembled with their lower halves swapped.[34]

After modeling

Crawford quit full-time modeling in 2000 and now appears only occasionally in fashion magazines. In 2005, Crawford created a line of beauty products with Jean-Louis Sebagh called Meaningful Beauty for Guthy-Renker.[35] Crawford has stated that she regularly receives certain cosmetic procedures, including Botox and vitamin injections. She first saw a plastic surgeon at the age of 29.[36]

In 2005, Crawford launched a new line of furniture under the "Cindy Crawford Home Collection" name. The collection is manufactured by HM Richards Inc. She assisted in the creation of the line by consulting on the features, colors, or styles that fit the needs of families or reflected her own tastes.[37] She also has a furniture line with Rooms to Go, Raymour & Flanigan and launched a home goods line with J. C. Penney in late 2009.[38]

Crawford at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival

In 2009, Crawford was one of many celebrities to be photographed by Deborah Anderson for the coffee table book Room 23, produced by philanthropist Diana Jenkins. In addition to appearing in the book, Crawford was the cover model and wrote the dedication.[39] Becoming, a book about Crawford's life and career co-written by Crawford and Katherine O'Leary, was published in September 2015.[40]

Crawford appeared on the US version of Lipsync Battle reenacting her performance in the bathtub from the George Michael music for "Freedom! '90", performed by actor Zachary Quinto.

Crawford and her daughter Kaia appeared together on the cover of the April 2016 issue of Vogue Paris.[41] In 2016, she became a spokesperson for Acqua Minerale San Benedetto in Italy.[42] In September 2017, Crawford, along with models Claudia Schiffer, Naomi Campbell, Helena Christensen and Carla Bruni, closed the Versace spring/summer 2018 fashion show, which was an homage to the late Gianni Versace.[43]

In January 2019, Crawford, along with her husband Rande Gerber, Michael Meldman, Jeff Shell, and Jay Sures announced they would purchase the Hollywood deli, Nate 'n Al, to keep its doors open after three generations of family ownership.[44][45]

Crawford was featured in an upcoming four-part Apple TV+ docuseries titled The Super Models, which premiered on September 20, 2023. The series also featured Naomi Campbell, Christy Turlington, and Linda Evangelista and was directed by Roger Ross Williams and Larissa Bills.[46]

Personal life

Crawford was married to actor Richard Gere from 1991 until their divorce in 1995. She married businessman and former model Rande Gerber on May 29, 1998.[47] They have two children, son Presley Walker Gerber (born July 2, 1999)[48] and daughter Kaia Jordan Gerber (born September 3, 2001),[2][49] [50]

In August 2021, the couple sold their home in Trousdale Estates, Beverly Hills, for a reported $13.5 million.[51]

Style and appearance

Crawford is 5 feet 9+1⁄2 inches (1.77 m) tall with brown hair and eyes. Her measurements are 34–25.5–36.[52] Her trademark is a mole (or "beauty mark") above her upper lip. She is so closely associated with this physical feature that she appeared in an Australian advertising campaign for flavoured milk featuring a TV commercial wherein she "licked off" her own mole.[53] Her resemblance to model Gia Carangi led her to being known as "Baby Gia".[54][55]

Advocacy and charity work

When Crawford was 10 years old, her three-year-old brother Jeff—whom she continues to praise as "the fourth most influential person in [her] life"—died of leukemia. Since becoming a model, Crawford has made childhood leukemia a focal point of her charity work, donating proceeds of her calendars to medical research.[56] Crawford has been a long-time supporter of the pediatric oncology program at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where Jeff was treated, stating that she believes he received the best care possible.[57] She is also an honorary board member of the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation.[58]

In 2007, she became an official supporter of the Ronald McDonald House Charities and is a member of their celebrity board, called the Friends of RMHC.[59] Crawford is on the honorary committee of the California Wildlife Center.[60]

In 2021, Cindy Crawford recreated her iconic Pepsi ad with photographer David Yarrow to help raise funds for the American family Children's Hospital in Madison, Wisconsin where her brother, Jeff, was treated for leukemia.[61]

Political endorsements

In 2008, Crawford endorsed Barack Obama for President of the United States.[62] Despite reports, Crawford denied endorsing Mitt Romney for the 2012 election.[63]

Filmography

Films

Year Title Role
1987 The Secret of My Success Model in opening montage, uncredited
1995 Unzipped Herself
Catwalk Herself
Fair Game Kate McQueen
1998 54 VIP Patron
Beautopia Herself
2000 Body Guards – Guardie del corpo Herself and her double
2001 The Simian Line Sandra

Videos

Fitness videos

Year Title
1992 Cindy Crawford: Shape Your Body Workout
1993 Cindy Crawford: The Next Challenge Workout
2000 Cindy Crawford: A New Dimension
2001 Mini-Muscles with Cindy Crawford and the Fit-wits

Music videos

Year Title Artist Notes
1990 "Freedom! '90" George Michael
1991 "Voices That Care" Voices That Care Part of the choir
1994 "Please Come Home for Christmas" Jon Bon Jovi As Jon Bon Jovi's girlfriend
2011 "Girl Panic!" Duran Duran As John Taylor
2015 "Bad Blood" Taylor Swift As Headmistress
2023 “One Margarita (Saucy Remix)” That Chick Angel As Herself, recreating her 1992 Pepsi ad [64]

Television

Year Title Role Notes
1989–1995 MTV's House of Style Host
1996 Muppets Tonight Herself Episode: "Episode 5"
1997 Frasier Dorothy (voice only) Episode: "Halloween"
1998 3rd Rock from the Sun Masha, one of the invading Venusians Episode: "36! 24! 36! Dick!"
Elmopalooza Herself Cameo
The Secret World of... Supermodels June 16, 1999

The Man Show “Bathroom Talk, with Cindy Crawford”.

Sex with Cindy Crawford Host Television special
2002 According to Jim Gretchen Saunders, manager of a car dealership Episode: "Cars & Chicks"
2004 Headliners and Legends: Cindy Crawford
2007 Sunrise
2009 Wizards of Waverly Place Bibi Rockford[65] Episode: "Fashion Week"
2013 Who Do You Think You Are? Herself Season 4, Episode 6
2015 Cougar Town Herself Episode: "Yer So Bad"
The Hospital in the Sky Herself Narrator
2016 Lip Sync Battle Herself Episode: "Zoe Saldana vs. Zachary Quinto"
2019 BoJack Horseman Cindy Crawfish Episode: "A Horse Walks into Rehab"
2021 Friends: The Reunion Herself Television special
2022 Pepsi, Where's My Jet? Herself
2023 The Super Models Herself Also executive producer

References

  1. ^ a b c "Cindy Crawford". Storm Management. Retrieved October 17, 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Cindy Crawford: Model, Actress, Film Actor/Film Actress, Film Actress, Television Actress, Television Personality (1966–)". Biography.com (FYI / A&E Networks). Archived from the original on April 29, 2017. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
  3. ^ a b "Is Cindy Crawford related to Earnest Hemingway? Who Do You Think You Are". YouTube. October 13, 2023. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
  4. ^ Kahn, Robert (September 9, 2009). "A sweet and sour party at Fashion Week". Newsday. Retrieved December 28, 2011.
  5. ^ "Sole Mates". People. June 15, 1998. Archived from the original on November 4, 2013. Retrieved April 27, 2013.
  6. ^ Bueno, Antoinette (July 9, 2015). "Cindy Crawford Opens Up to Oprah About Her Brother Dying of Cancer at 3 Years Old". ET Online. CBS Studios, Inc.
  7. ^ "Twitter/CindyCrawford". Twitter. June 4, 2010. Retrieved February 28, 2024.
  8. ^ "Cindy Crawford discovers her New Haven roots". New Haven Register. August 26, 2013. Archived from the original on April 13, 2021.
  9. ^ "Cindy Crawford uncovers connections with Earnest Hemingway and Charlemagne!". YouTube. October 21, 2023. Who Do You Think You Are? Season 4 Episode 6. Air date: August 27, 2013
  10. ^ "David Crawford Census United States Census, 1920". FamilySearch. 1920. Retrieved April 5, 2024.
  11. ^ "David P Crawford Mentioned in the Record of Kenneth Leroy Crawford (David P Crawford's Son) Social Program Document United States, Social Security Numerical Identification Files (NUMIDENT), 1936-2007". FamilySearch. 1940. Retrieved February 28, 2024.
  12. ^ "Charlemagne's DNA and Our Universal Royalty". National Geographic Society. May 7, 2013.
  13. ^ Cindy Crawford with Katherine O'Leary, p. 22, Becoming, Rizzoli, 2015, ISBN 978-0-8478-4619-1
  14. ^ a b Gross, Michael (1995). Model. W. Morrow. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-688-12659-9 – via Internet Archive.
  15. ^ Sherrow, Victoria (2001). For Appearance' Sake: The Historical Encyclopedia of Good Looks, Beauty, and Grooming. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-57356-204-1.
  16. ^ "13 Famous Valedictorians". MSN Encarta. Archived from the original on June 2, 2008.
  17. ^ "Success Stories: Cindy Crawford". EliteModelLook.com. Archived from the original on March 15, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  18. ^ Gross 1995, p. 21.
  19. ^ Cochrane, Lauren (August 11, 2023). "Supermodels recreate iconic Vogue cover 30 years on". The Guardian. Retrieved August 13, 2023.
  20. ^ "Television; 'Sex With Cindy'; TV special explores the sexual state of the union", by Harvey Solomon, Boston Herald, September 22, 1998, p. 56
  21. ^ "Cindy Crawford" Archived June 30, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Playboy. Retrieved March 28, 2009.
  22. ^ Rush, George et al. "IT BARES REPEATING: CINDY IS NUDE AGAIN!", Daily News (online), August 27, 1998.
  23. ^ "Cindy Crawford of 2006 Hot 100 on Maxim.com". Archived from the original on April 30, 2008.
  24. ^ "The 100 Hottest Women of All-Time". Men's Health. 2011. Retrieved January 3, 2012.
  25. ^ "Un'epoca nel segno di Versace". Corriere della Sera. Retrieved June 5, 2011.
  26. ^ Chace, Reeve (October 2003). The Complete Book of Oscar Fashion: Variety's 75 Years of Glamour on the Red Carpet. Reed Press. ISBN 978-1-59429-001-5. Retrieved June 5, 2011.
  27. ^ Urmee Khan (October 9, 2008). "Liz Hurley 'safety pin' dress voted the greatest dress". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2011.
  28. ^ "ASME's Top 40 Magazine Covers of the Last 40 Years" Archived May 5, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, American Society of Magazine Editors, October 17, 2005
  29. ^ "Ads and History – Highlights". Pepsi.com. March 31, 1999. Retrieved December 28, 2011.
  30. ^ "11 Best Super Bowl Ads Ever". Entertainment Weekly. February 5, 2011. Archived from the original on January 12, 2012. Retrieved December 28, 2011.
  31. ^ a b "Cindy Crawford just remade her iconic '90s pepsi commercial—but there's a catch". Harper's Bazaar. June 24, 2016. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
  32. ^ "Leonard Maltin's 2009 Movie Guide", by Leonard Maltin, p. 433
  33. ^ "Look book: celeb makeup artists told us the tricks they use to get stars looking amazing. (Now you can steal their secrets, baby!)". CosmoGirl!. November 1, 2003. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved April 3, 2014.
  34. ^ Cindy Crawford with Katherine O'Leary, p. 110, Becoming, Rizzoli, 2015, ISBN 978-0-8478-4619-1
  35. ^ "Cindy Crawford on Beauty, Fitness, and Eating Healthy". Harpers Bazaar, October 23, 2014.
  36. ^ "Cindy Crawford Plastic Surgery | ClinicExpert". October 31, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2022.
  37. ^ Johnson, Morieka V. "Q&A / CINDY CRAWFORD: Furniture line has 'a lot of min it'". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, May 15, 2008.
  38. ^ Sivaraman, Aarthi. "J.C. Penney to Launch Cindy Crawford Home Goods Line". Reuters, April 3, 2009. Retrieved May 14, 2009.
  39. ^ "Room 23 - Official Website". Room23thebook.com. Archived from the original on November 22, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
  40. ^ Josh Duboff (May 15, 2015). "Exclusive: The Cover of Cindy Crawford's Book, Becoming, Revealed".
  41. ^ "Cindy Crawford, Kaia Gerber Wear Mom-and-Daughter Leather for Vogue Paris". The Hollywood Reporter. March 14, 2016.
  42. ^ Mosciatti, Lorenzo [1] Archived December 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine "San Benedetto sceglie Cindy Crawford e investe 20 milioni in pubblicità nel 2016". Engage, April 29, 2016.(link in Italian)
  43. ^ "Versace Spring 2018 Ready-to-Wear Fashion Show". Vogue. September 22, 2017. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
  44. ^ "Irving Azoff, Hollywood A-Listers Team to Save Legendary Deli Nate 'n Al". The Hollywood Reporter. January 11, 2019. Retrieved January 30, 2019.
  45. ^ Donnelly, Matt (January 13, 2019). "Hollywood Power Players Assemble to Save Iconic Deli Nate 'n Al". Variety. Retrieved January 30, 2019.
  46. ^ Jazz Tangcay (July 11, 2023). "'The Super Models' Sets September Premiere, Debuts Teaser With Cindy Crawford, Christy Turlington, Naomi Campbell and Linda Evangelista". Variety.
  47. ^ "Weddings of the Year 1998". People. June 22, 1998. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
  48. ^ O'Neill, Anne-Marie (July 19, 1999). "Cindy's Joy". People. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
  49. ^ Creeden, Molly (December 8, 2014). "Meet Cindy Crawford's Daughter Kaia Gerber, A 13-Year-Old Who's About to Become the Next Big Thing". Teen Vogue. Yahoo. Retrieved December 8, 2014.
  50. ^ "Presley Gerber is Giving Away Cindy Crawford's Best Modeling Advice". April 3, 2017.
  51. ^ Flemming, Jack (August 11, 2021). "Cindy Crawford sells Beverly Hills Midcentury for $13.5 million". LA Times. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  52. ^ "Cindy CrawfordStorm Models". Storm Management. Archived from the original on July 2, 2011.
  53. ^ "Classic Chocolate TV ad ft. Cindy Crawford (1998)". YouTube. August 15, 2012. Archived from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
  54. ^ "Voguepedia: Gia Carangi". Vogue.com. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved February 16, 2014.
  55. ^ New York Magazine. New York Media, LLC. October 30, 1989.
  56. ^ Smith, Nicole (October 25, 2006). "Crawford raises questions, awareness for leukemia society" Archived April 11, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. Direct Marketing News. Retrieved May 14, 2009.
  57. ^ Cindy Crawford's Heartfelt July 4th Weekend Archived November 20, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, People, July 7, 2008. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
  58. ^ MMRF Honorary Board Archived April 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation. Retrieved May 14, 2009.
  59. ^ "Celebrity Friends of RMHC". McDonald's Corporation. Archived from the original on June 28, 2008.
  60. ^ Aryeh, Olivia (July 30, 2008). "California Wildlife Center to host 'party of the decade'". The Malibu Times, July 30, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2009.
  61. ^ "Cindy Crawford Recreates Iconic 90s Ad to Raise Funds For Kids Hospital". CelebrityKind. September 21, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  62. ^ "Obama corners the market in Hollywood". USA Today. June 23, 2008.
  63. ^ Kurtz, Judy (November 17, 2011). "Cindy Crawford poses for pic with Romney's wife, denies supporting GOP candidate". The Hill.
  64. ^ "Cindy Crawford recreates iconic Pepsi ad in 'One Margarita' Saucy Santana remix video". Yahoo Entertainment. August 1, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  65. ^ "Exclusive! Cindy Crawford: 'Wizards of Waverly' Place Made Me Famous With My Kids'". hollywoodlife. March 24, 2010. Archived from the original on March 26, 2015. Retrieved September 21, 2012.
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This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Ayutthaya Wittayalai School – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) School in Ayutthaya, Ayutthaya, ThailandAyutthaya Wittayalai SchoolAddressPratoo Chai, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya.Ayutthaya, Ayutthaya, 13...

 

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