Pneumocystis jirovecii

Como ler uma infocaixa de taxonomiaPneumocystis jirovecii
Cistos de Pneumocystis jirovecii em amostra tecidual de uma pessoa com aids
Cistos de Pneumocystis jirovecii em amostra tecidual de uma pessoa com aids
Classificação científica
Reino: Fungi
Divisão: Ascomycota
Classe: Pneumocystidomycetes
Ordem: Pneumocystidales
Família: Pneumocystidaceae
Género: Pneumocystis
Espécie: P. jirovecii
Nome binomial
Pneumocystis jirovecii
J.K.Frenkel

Pneumocystis jirovecii é uma espécie de fungo semelhante à levedura, que pertence ao gênero Pneumocystis. O organismo é um importante patógeno humano, pois é causador da pneumocistose, particularmente entre os hospedeiros imunocomprometidos como os portadores do HIV. Antes da sua descoberta como um patógeno específico do ser humano, P. jirovecii era conhecido como P. carinii.[1]

É uma espécie de fungo não cultivável, obtêm-se amostras por indução do escarro ou por broncoscopia com lavado broncoalveolar, através da introdução de solução salina nos alvéolos e posterior aspiração do muco, seguido de análise laboratorial do material biológico para identificação da espécie e determinação do diagnóstico.[2] Por não apresentar fatores de virulência relevantes (como alfa 1-3 glicanas na parede celular ou parasitismo intracelular), sua infecção é quase assintomática, salvo no caso de o hospedeiro estar com o sistema imune comprometido. Nesses casos, podem ocorrer desde quadros de infecção pulmonar, com sintomas semelhantes a pneumonia, até infecção sistêmica com taxas significativas de mortalidade, e sequelas em pacientes que sobrevivem à infecção.[3] Em geral, o prognóstico é bom com o tratamento realizado a tempo.[4]

Estrutura

A estrutura desse fungo é um tanto quanto peculiar. Por esse motivo antigamente era classificado como bactérica.

A maioria dos fungos são conformados por uma membrana celular de ergosterol. Esse, em específico, não possui esse composto em sua membrana.

Referências

  1. ↑ «Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia» (em inglês). A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia. 2009 
  2. ↑ «Pneumonia por Pneumocystis jirovecii - Sintomas, diagnóstico e tratamento | BMJ Best Practice». bestpractice.bmj.com. Consultado em 8 de abril de 2024 
  3. ↑ Gaborit, Benjamin Jean; Tessoulin, Benoit; Lavergne, Rose-Anne; Morio, Florent; Sagan, Christine; Canet, Emmanuel; Lecomte, Raphael; Leturnier, Paul; Deschanvres, Colin (27 de novembro de 2019). «Outcome and prognostic factors of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in immunocompromised adults: a prospective observational study». Annals of Intensive Care (1). 131 páginas. ISSN 2110-5820. PMC PMC6881486Acessível livremente Verifique |pmc= (ajuda). PMID 31776705. doi:10.1186/s13613-019-0604-x. Consultado em 8 de abril de 2024 
  4. ↑ «Pneumonia por Pneumocystis jirovecii - Distúrbios pulmonares». Manuais MSD edição para profissionais. Consultado em 8 de abril de 2024 
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