Língua mono

Mono
Falado(a) em: Estados Unidos
Região: Califórnia
Total de falantes: 37 (1994
Família: Uto-Asteca
 Númica
  Númica Ocidental
   Mono
Códigos de língua
ISO 639-1: --
ISO 639-2: ---
ISO 639-3: mnr

Mono (IPA|m|oʊ|n|oʊ) é uma língua ameríndia dos Estados Unidos do grupo Númica das línguas uto-astecas, a língua ancestral dos Monos (tribo). O mono consiste em dois dialetos, "oriental" e "ocidental". O nome "Monachi" é comumente usado em referência ao Mono Ocidental ou "Owens Valley Paiute" em referência ao Mono Oriental. Em 1925, Alfred Kroeber avaliou que a Mono tinha 3.000 a 4.000 falantes. Em 2010, apenas cerca de 40 idosos falam Mono como sua primeira língua. É classificada como língua ameaçada de extinção conforme o Livro Vermelho das Línguas Ameaçadas da UNESCO.[1] É falado nas montanhas do sul de Serra Nevada (Estados Unidos), Mono Basin, e Owens Valley da região centro-leste Califórnia. Mono está mais intimamente relacionado com a língua paiúte setentrional; essas duas são classificadas no o grupo ocidental das Númicas.[2][3]

Morfologia

Mono é uma linguagem aglutinativa, na qual as palavras usam complexos de sufixos para uma variedade de finalidades, com vários morfemas unidos.

Fonologia

Abaixo é dado o inventário do Mono Northfork Ocidentalcomo apresentado por Lamb (1958)

Vogais

Frontal back
não arredondada
Posterior
arredondada
Alta i y[4] u
Não Alta e a o

Consoantes

Bilabial Coronal Palatal Velar Uvular Glotal
plana labializada plana labializada
Nasal m n
Oclusiva p t k q[5] Predefinição:Ipa Predefinição:Ipa
Africada ts
Fricativa s x h
Semivogal j w

Suprassegmental

Lamb (1958) também descreveu quatro características suprassegmentais que atribuiu ao status fonêmico.

Notas

  1. http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas/index.php
  2. "Mono." Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley. 2009-2010 (retrieved 6 May 2010)
  3. Sheldon Klein. 1959. Comparative Mono-Kawaiisu. International Journal of American Linguistics. Vol. 25, No. 4 (Oct., 1959), pp. 233-238
  4. Representada fonemicamente como /y/ por Lamb, mas descrita foneticamente como sendo [ɨ] depois de consoantes frontais e [ʉ] depois de consoantes posteriores.
  5. /k/ and /q/ are in semi-complimentary distribution: /k/ occurs before /i/ and /e/, /q/ occurs before /o/ and /u/. They contrast only before /a/.

Bibliografia

  • Hinton, Leanne. Flutes of Fire: Essays on California Indian Languages. Berkeley: Heyday Books, 1994. ISBN 0-930588-62-2.
  • Miller, Wick R. "Numic Languages." Handbook of North American Indians: Great Basin, Volume 11. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1986. ISBN 978-0-16-004581-3.
  • Lamb, Sydney M (1958). A Grammar of Mono (PDF). PhD Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley: [s.n.] Consultado em 8 de julho de 2012 
  • Bethel, Rosalie; Kroskrity, Paul V.; Loether, Christopher; Reinhardt, Gregory A. A Dictionary of Western Mono. 1993. (2nd edition) [1984]. [S.l.]: Los Angeles : American Indian Studies Center, University of California. 
  • Lamb, Sydney M. Monachi dictionary (PDF). [S.l.]: Ms., Survey of California and Other Indian Languages. Consultado em 9 de julho de 2012 
  • Norris, Evan J. (1986). A Grammar Sketch and Comparative Study of Eastern Mono. PhD dissertation, University of California, San Diego: [s.n.] 

Revitalização

Ligações externas

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