Espanhol venezuelano

Dialetos do espanhol venezuelano (no idioma castelhano).
Bandeira da Venezuela.

O espanhol venezuelano é uma variedade do espanhol usado exclusivamente na Venezuela. Geralmente é considerado parte das variedades caribenhas do espanhol, que é a língua oficial do país.[1] Ao mesmo tempo, os sotaques falados dentro do país não são formalmente categorizados a nível acadêmico, mesmo com diferenças importantes (incluindo o voseo e o ustedeo),[2] sendo isto devido à ambiguidade do termo "dialeto".

História

A língua castelhana chegou à Venezuela com a conquista espanhola, nos primeiros anos do século XVI. A maioria dos conquistadores e colonos eram originários do sul da Espanha, de regiões como Andaluzia, Extremadura e Ilhas Canárias. Além disso, as ondas de migrantes de diferentes partes da Itália desde os tempos coloniais (e a forte migração de Portugal) influenciaram muito o espanhol falado no país.

Especificações

Fonética e fonologia

Na linguagem coloquial, o /s/ final é geralmente alterado por um /h/, se a palavra seguinte começa com uma consoante (transformando "adeus" em adioh e "casas" em casah) e muitas vezes perde d intervocálica (melao, em vez de "melado"; pelao em vez de "pelado"; e pecao em vez de "pescado"), mesmo no fim da palavra. Com esta elisão, os sufixos -ado, -edo e -ido (e suas correspondentes formas femininas) se tornam -ao, -eo e -ío. Esse recurso é acentuado nos alto-falantes da área de Los Llanos.[3] O seseo (os s, c e z são pronunciados como s) é uma característica compartilhada por todos os dialetos da América.

Morfologia e sintaxe

Algo que os venezuelanos compartilham com colombianos, dominicanos, cubanos e costarriquenhos é o uso dos diminutivos em ico ou ica, mas sendo apenas utilizado em palavras terminadas em t (por exemplo: ratico, momentico, gatico). É comum o tuteo em conversas diárias, e o uso de usted se limita a situações de maior formalidade ou quando se dirige a pessoas mais velhas. Nas zonas andinas perto da Colômbia, o ustedeo entre família e amigos é comum em relação ao tuteo.

O uso do usted para o discurso informal é limitado à região dos Andes devido à sua proximidade com a Colômbia. O voseo é difundido nos estados de Zulia e Falcón, e também o departamento colombiano vizinho de La Guajira. Apesar de ser um país localizado na América do Sul, o espanhol venezuelano compartilha muitas características com as outras variantes dos países localizados no Caribe.

Ver também

Referências

  1. «Constitución, Ttulo I, Principios Fundamentales» (em espanhol). CNE - Consejo Nacional Electoral (salvo em Wayback Machine). 16 dezembro de 1999. Consultado em 3 de dezembro de 2018 
  2. «Publicaciones Alexandra Alvarez M. Ref: AAM 17» (em espanhol). Universidad de Los Andes - Grupo de Lingüística Hispánica (salvo em Wayback Machine). 21 de julho de 2006. Consultado em 17 de agosto de 2018 
  3. «Diccionario de americanismos». lema.rae.es (em espanhol). Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española. Consultado em 17 de agosto de 2018 

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