Damão

 Nota: Para pelo mamífero, veja Hyracoidea. Para a história mitológica grega, veja Damão e Pítias.
Damão
Geografia
País
Território
Distrito
Distrito de Damão (en)
Capital de
Área
72 km2
Altitude
5 m
Coordenadas
Identificadores
Prefixo telefônico
2636
Mapa

Damão[1] (em hindi: दमन; em gujarati: દમણ) é uma cidade da Índia, capital do território da União de Dadrá e Nagar Aveli e Damão e Diu.[2] Até 1961 foi sede de distrito do antigo Estado Português da Índia. Tem 72 km² e cerca de 191 173 habitantes (2011).[3]

Damão, vista sobre o mar

Situada na costa do golfo de Cambaia, Damão era um dos três concelhos que constituíam o distrito. Dadrá e Nagar-Aveli (enclaves no território indiano) eram os outros dois concelhos de Damão. O antigo concelho de Damão era constituído pelas freguesias de Damão Grande (Moti Daman), Damão Pequeno (Nani Daman) e .[4]

O primeiro contacto dos portugueses com Damão deu-se em 1523, quando chegaram ali os navios de Diogo de Melo. Em 1534, o vice-Rei D. Nuno da Cunha enviou António Silveira arrasar os baluartes mouriscos de Damão, por saber que se situavam ali os estaleiros e as demais instalações necessárias ao apetrechamento das frotas islâmicas que vinham dar combate às armadas portuguesas. Também seria enviado a Damão o capitão-mor Martim Afonso de Sousa, para bombardear e destruir as fortificações islâmicas. Mas só em 1559 viria a ser definitivamente tomada a cidade de Damão, pelo Vice-rei D. Constantino de Bragança.[5]

A zona do Pequeno Damão, na margem direita do rio Damanganga, foi ocupada em 1614. Sucessos e insucessos das guerras locais, em que se destacam as lutas contra os sidis (mercenários abissínios) e com os maratas, levaram à perda de territórios de Baçaim, no antigo Reino de Cambaia (Sultanato de Guzarate). Nas mãos dos portugueses, desde as lutas do rei de Cambaia com os mogores, Baçaim passará para a posse dos maratas em 1739.[5]

E, no ano seguinte, será a vez de Chaúl cair em poder dos mesmos maratas. Entretanto, muitas vilas e aldeias serão perdidas pelos Portugueses, até que, pelo auxílio militar que estes deram a Madeva Pradan, detentor do trono, contra o príncipe Ragobá que, aliado aos ingleses, pretendia derrubar o peshwá e ocupar o seu lugar, Portugal receberia, pelo Tratado de 1780, como restituição, 72 aldeias correspondentes a territórios outrora perdidos. E com essas aldeias se formaram os enclaves de Dadrá e Nagar-Aveli.[5]

Em 18 de dezembro de 1961 o distrito português de Damão foi invadido e ocupado pelas tropas da União Indiana e incorporado no território de Damão e Diu.[6] Desde 2020 é a capital do território de Dadrá e Nagar Aveli e Damão e Diu.[2]

Referências

  1. Paulo, Correia (Verão de 2020). «Toponímia da Índia — breve análise» (PDF). Bruxelas: a folha — Boletim da língua portuguesa nas instituições europeias. p. 4. ISSN 1830-7809. Consultado em 8 de outubro de 2020 
  2. a b ‪Narayana Raju (9 de dezembro de 2019). «The Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu (merger of Union territories) act, 2019 - Nº. 44 of 2019» (PDF). The Gazette of India. Consultado em 9 de junho de 2020 
  3. «Daman District Population Census 2011 - 2021 - 2023, Daman and Diu literacy sex ratio and density». www.census2011.co.in. Consultado em 1 de setembro de 2023 
  4. «Daman | India, Map, Population, & Facts | Britannica». www.britannica.com (em inglês). 19 de julho de 2023. Consultado em 1 de setembro de 2023 
  5. a b c Singh, Kumar Suresh (1995). Daman and Diu. People of India. Vol. XIX. Popular Prakashan. p. 3. ISBN 9788171547616. Anil Shorey (21 February 1999). "The Forgotten Battles of Daman and Diu". The Tribune. Retrieved 18 December 2010. Chakravorty, Dr. B.C. (2008). "Operation Vijay" Archived 31 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Bharat Rakshak.
  6. «Ocupação de Goa, Damão e Diu pela União Indiana». RTP. 2017. Consultado em 21 de junho de 2020 

Ligações externas

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