Baçaim

Baçaim
Geografia
País
Estado
Division of Maharashtra
Konkan division (en)
Distrito
Palghar district (en)
Municipality of India
Vasai-Virar (en)
Altitude
11 m
Coordenadas
Identificadores
Prefixo telefônico
250
Website
Mapa

Pronunciação

Planta da fortaleza.

Baçaim[1][2][3] (atualmente Vasai-Virar) foi um antigo porto no extremo sul de uma ilha, a cerca de 50 quilómetros ao norte de Bombaim, no estado de Maharashtra, no noroeste da Índia.

Foi parte integrante do Estado Português da Índia entre 1533 e 1739, quando foi reconquistada pelo Império Maratha. Constituiu-se numa das mais importantes praças-forte portuguesas na região, chegando a rivalizar com Goa.

Antigo baluarte fortificado Maratha, a cidade foi cedida aos portugueses em dezembro de 1534.[4] Capital da Província do Norte na Índia portuguesa, resistiu aos assaltos de forças locais e estrangeiras até ser reocupada pelos Maratas, que também reconquistaram todos os territórios dela dependentes (1739). A sua fortificação, entretanto, somente foi iniciada em Maio de 1536, por determinação de D. Nuno da Cunha. Os muros da cidade foram erguidos entre 1552 e 1582, pois nesta última data já se encontrava envolvida por imponente muralha de pedra e cal, reforçada por dez modernos baluartes em forma de orelhão.

Desde o início da presença portuguesa assistiu-se à instalação de todas as ordens religiosas, com a função proselitista. De sua presença subsistem os restos do Convento de São Domingos e do Convento de Santo António, em relativo estado de boa conservação, além do Convento de Santo Agostinho e da Igreja da Companhia de Jesus, esta última caracterizada por uma torre que se eleva acima do casario. Por último destacam-se a Misericórdia, a Igreja Paroquial de São José e a Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Vila. O que resta da Casa da Câmara e Cadeia é semelhante ao que ainda se encontra em Portugal do mesmo período. Do mesmo modo, o traçado do arruamento é semelhante ao das vilas e cidades portuguesas, com a praça aberta nas imediações da Casa da Câmara.

Atualmente, as ruínas da cidade e a própria fortaleza, encontram-se ameaçadas pela exploração das jazidas de gás ao longo da costa, e pela proximidade da metrópole de Bombaim, hoje com uma população de mais de onze milhões de habitantes.

Notas

  1. Gonçalves, Rebelo (1947). Tratado de Ortografia da Língua Portuguesa. Coimbra: Atlântida - Livraria Editora. p. 362 
  2. Fernandes, Ivo Xavier (1941). Topónimos e Gentílicos. I. Porto: Editora Educação Nacional, Lda. 
  3. Paulo, Correia (Verão de 2020). «Toponímia da Índia — breve análise» (PDF). Bruxelas: a folha — Boletim da língua portuguesa nas instituições europeias. p. 4. ISSN 1830-7809. Consultado em 8 de outubro de 2020 
  4. Outras fontes apontam a data de 1535, indicando que a cidade foi conquistada pelas forças portuguesas após um assédio em que foram determinantes os trabalhos de sapa e a ação da artilharia.

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