Coração Púrpuro

 Nota: Se procura o filme de 2005, veja Purple Heart (filme).
Coração Púrpura
Coração Púrpuro
Classificação
País  Estados Unidos
Tipo classe única
Descritivo por ferimento ou morte em combate contra inimigos dos Estados Unidos da América[1]
Agraciamento Militares
Condição em uso
Histórico
Criação 6 de abril de 1930
Primeira concessão 22 de fevereiro de 1932
Hierarquia
Inferior a Estrela de Bronze
Superior a Medalhas de mérito de serviço
Imagem complementar
Barreta

Coração Púrpuro ou Coração Púrpura é uma condecoração militar dos Estados Unidos, outorgada em nome do Presidente a todos os integrantes das Forças Armadas que sejam feridos ou mortos durante o serviço militar, desde 5 de abril de 1917.

A condecoração original, com o nome de Distintivo do Mérito Militar, foi instituída por George Washington, então comandante do exército continental, em 7 de agosto de 1782.[1] Ela foi concedida a apenas a três soldados a Guerra da Independência, caindo em desuso depois de seu término. Apesar de nunca ter sido abolida, a condecoração não foi mais proposta até depois da I Guerra Mundial, quando em 1927 o Congresso recebeu um pedido do comando do exército para revivê-la, mas negou a proposição.

Em janeiro de 1931, o general Douglas MacArthur, então ocupante do cargo de chefe do estado-maior do exército, o mais alto posto da força, confidencialmente encomendou um novo desenho para a medalha, baseado no bicentenário de nascimento de George Washington.

Uma especialista heráldica do exército foi encarregada dos estudos para a criação do novo desenho, baseada nas especificações de MacArthur, do que se tornaria a medalha Coração Púrpura. Por ordem executiva do Presidente dos Estados Unidos, ela foi instituída em homenagem à memória e as conquistas militares de Washington em 22 de fevereiro de 1932.[1]

Como a concessão da medalha era retroativa a 5 de abril de 1917, o dia anterior ao que os EUA entraram na I Guerra Mundial, o general MacArthur, ferido nesta guerra, foi o primeiro a recebê-la.

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Referências

  1. ↑ a b c Purple Heart Paragraph 2-8, Army Regulation 600-8-22 (Military Awards)
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