Catedral Armênia da Santa Cruz

Catedral Armênia da Santa Cruz
Catedral Armênia da Santa Cruz
Catedral da Santa Cruz, Sé do Catolicato de Altamar.
Informações gerais
Arquiteto(a) Q13053963
Religião Igreja Apostólica Armênia
Diocese Catolicato de Altamar
Geografia
País Turquia
Localização Lago de Van
Coordenadas 38° 20′ 30″ N, 43° 02′ 07″ L
Mapa
Localização em mapa dinâmico

A Catedral da Santa Cruz (armênio: Սուրբ Խաչ եկեղեցի, romanizado:  Surp Khachʿ egeghetsʿi, turco: Akdamar Kilisesi ou Surp Haç Kilisesi) na Ilha de Altamar, no Lago de Vã no leste da Turquia, é uma catedral apostólica armênia medieval, construída como uma igreja palatina para os reis de Vaspuracânia e mais tarde servindo como Sé do Catolicato de Altamar.

História

Durante seu reinado, o Rei Gagik I Artsruni (r. 908-943/944) do Reino armênio de Vaspuracânia escolheu a ilha de Altamar como uma de suas residências, fundando ali um assentamento.[1] A única estrutura desse período é a Catedral. Foi construído de tufo vulcânico rosa[carece de fontes?] pelo arquiteto-monge Manuel durante os anos 915-921, com um interior medindo 14,80 m por 11,5 m e a cúpula atingindo 20,40 m acima do solo. Nos séculos posteriores, e até 1915, fez parte de um complexo monástico, cujas ruínas ainda podem ser vistas a sul da igreja.

Entre 1116 e 1895, a ilha de Altamar foi a localização do Catolicato armênio de Altamar. Cachatur III, que morreu em 1895, foi o último Católico de Altamar.[2] Em 1915, durante o genocídio armênio, a igreja foi saqueada, e os edifícios monásticos destruídos[3] e em julho de 1916 o Catolicato foi abolido pelo Império Otomano.[4]

A igreja permaneceu em desuso nas décadas após 1915. Quando o escritor e jornalista Yaşar Kemal visitou a Ilha de Altamar em 1951, descobriu que estava prestes a ser demolida. Usando seus contatos, ele ajudou a impedir a destruição planejada. A igreja tornou-se uma atração turística notável nas próximas décadas. Em 2005, a estrutura foi fechada aos visitantes, pois passou por uma pesada restauração, sendo aberta como museu pelo governo turco um ano depois.[5]

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ (em armênio) Harutyunyan, VM , "Chartarapetut'yun," [Arquitetura], em Hay zhoghovrdi patmutyun [História do Povo Armênio], vol. 3 (Erevã: Academia Armênia de Ciências, 1976), pp. 381-384.
  2. ↑ Hewsen, Robert H. (2001), Armenia : a historical atlas, ISBN 0-226-33228-4, University of Chicago Press, OCLC 42027370, consultado em 3 de fevereiro de 2022 
  3. ↑ Hewsen. Armênia , pág. 232.
  4. ↑ Kieser, Hans-Lukas. Talaat Pasha: Pai da Turquia Moderna, Arquiteto do Genocídio (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018), p. 262.
  5. ↑ «Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Aghtamar explained». everything.explained.today. Consultado em 3 de fevereiro de 2022 

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