Óleo vegetal

óleo vegetal 
extraídas de sementes ou, menos frequentemente, de outras partes de frutos
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Subclasse deÓleo de cozinha,
ingrediente alimentar,
vegetable fat,
combustível
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aceite vegetal (es); Grænmetisolía (is); minyak sayuran (ms); Зети (os); vegetable oil (en-gb); растително масло (bg); eule végétal (pcd); ulei vegetal (ro); روغن نباتی (ur); vegetabilisk olja (sv); рослинні жири і олії (uk); 含油種子 (zh-hant); 含油种子 (zh-cn); 식물성 기름 (ko); legoma oleo (eo); rostlinný olej (cs); aceite vechetal (an); সাদা তেল (bn); huile végétale (fr); Lenga janganan (jv); Тип çу (cv); वनस्पती तूप (mr); rostlinski wolij (hsb); dầu thực vật (vi); augu eļļa (lv); Plantaardige olie (af); биљно уље (sr); vegetable ile (sco); planteolje (nn); vegetabilsk olje (nb); Bitki yağı (az); šaddo-oljo (smn); vegetable oil (en); زيت نباتي (ar); eoul plant (br); 植物油 (yue); Өсүмдүк майы (ky); landare-olio (eu); aceite vexetal (ast); растительное масло (ru); үҫемлек майы (ba); Pflanzenöl (de); алей (be); روغن گیاهی (fa); 植物油 (zh); Vegetabilsk fedtstof og olie (da); მცენარეული ზეთი (ka); 植物油 (ja); زيت نباتى (arz); שמן צמחי (he); үсемлек мае (tt); वनस्पति तेल (hi); kasviöljy (fi); plantaardige olie (nl); Vegetable oil (en-ca); šâddoljj (sms); φυτικό λάδι (el); olio vegetale (it); Biljno ulje (sh); نباتاتی تیل (pnb); minyak nabati (id); taimeõli (et); biljno ulje (sr-el); oli vegetal (ca); алей (be-tarask); तरकारी तेल (ne); vaj perimesh (sq); растително масло (mk); óleo vegetal (pt); żejt veġetali (mt); növényi olajok (hu); òli vegetal (oc); биљно уље (sr-ec); rastlinsko olje (sl); 含油种子 (zh-hans); Untulemnu (rup); բուսական յուղ (hy); น้ำมันพืช (th); oleje roślinne (pl); സസ്യ എണ്ണകൾ (ml); 植物油 (zh-tw); euli vegetal (pms); ola glasraí (ga); olew llysiau (cy); Bitkisel yağ (tr); aceite vexetal (gl); šaddoolju (se); ojo vezetałe (vec); ڕۆنی ڕوەکی (ckb) trigliceride estratto da una pianta (it); növényekből nyert szerves trigliceridek (hu); minyak yang diekstrak daripada sayuran atau tumbuhan (ms); बियाणांमधून किंवा फळांच्या इतर भागांमधून काढलेले तेल (mr); Gemische organischer Verbindungen, aus Pflanzen gewonnenes fettes Öl (de); extraídas de sementes ou, menos frequentemente, de outras partes de frutos (pt); Mısır özü yağı, fındık yağı etkili yağlardır (tr); flytande fett som framställs ur växter (sv); tłuszcze pochodzenia roślinnego (pl); triglycéride extrait d'une plante (fr); olie gemaakt uit plantaardige grondstoffen (nl); агучы хәле (tt); वनस्पति तेल का प्रयोग आचार इत्यादि में होता है। (hi); үҫемлек сеймалынан алынған һәм май кислоталары триглицеридтарынан һәм уларға бәйле матдәләрҙән торған продукттар (ba); 일반적으로 식물로부터 추출한 트라이글리세라이드 (ko); oil extracted from seeds, or less often, from other parts of fruits (en); زيت يستخرج من عدة أنواع من النباتات (ar); triglicerid získávaný z rostlin lisováním (cs); продукты, извлекаемые из растительного сырья и состоящие из триглицеридов жирных кислот и сопутствующих им веществ (ru) növényi eredetű olajok, növényolaj, növényolajok (hu); расьлінны алей (be-tarask); Landare olio (eu); растительные масла, растительные жиры, растительный жир (ru); үҫемлек майҙары, йәшелсә майҙары (ba); vegetabilisches Öl (de); óleo de plantas, gorduras vegetais (pt); алеі (be); dārzeņu eļļa (lv); 含油种子 (zh); nebati yağ (tr); 植物油脂 (ja); vaj vegjetal (sq); ไขมันพืช (th); vegetabilsk olje, vegetabilsk feitt (nn); plantaardige oliën, plantaardige olien (nl); үсемлек майлары, үсемлекләр мае (tt); ola, ola phlandúil (ga); Óleo vexetal (gl); oel llysiau (cy); 식물유, 식물유지, 식물성 유지, 식물성 지방 (ko); plant oils, plant oil (en); زيوت نباتية, الزيت النباتية, زيت الطعام, الزيوت النباتية, الزيت النباتي (ar); rääʹssoljj (sms); minyak sayur, minyak tumbuhan (ms)

O óleo vegetal é uma gordura extraída de plantas formada por triglicerídio. Geralmente extraído das sementes das plantas. Substância biocompatível. Apesar de, em princípio, outras partes da planta poderem ser utilizadas na extracção de óleo, na prática este é extraído na sua maioria (quase exclusivamente) das sementes.[1] Os óleos vegetais são utilizados como óleo de cozinha, pintura, lubrificante, cosméticos, farmacêutico, iluminação, biocombustível (biodiesel ou puro)[2] e para usos industriais. Alguns tipos de óleos, tais como o óleo de colza, algodão ou rícino são impróprios para consumo humano sem o devido processamento prévio.

Como todas as gorduras, os óleos vegetais são ésteres de glicerina e uma mistura de ácidos gordos e são insolúveis em água, mas solúveis em solventes orgânicos.

Tem sido gerador de impactos ambientais, pois jogado em pias, pode causar grandes danos às tubulações e ao meio-ambiente.

Fontes

Fontes comuns de óleos vegetais incluem:

Óleos à base de sementes
Outros óleos vegetais

De acordo com o Departamento de Agricultura dos Estados Unidos, o total de consumo de óleos vegetais em 2000 foi:

Soja 26.0 milhões de toneladas métricas (t)
Palma 23.3 t
Colza 13.1 t
Girassol 8.6 t
Amendoim 4.2 t
Algodão 3.6 t
Palma 2.7 t
Azeite 2.6 t

Note que estes dados, além do consumo humano, reflectem igualmente a utilização industrial e alimentação animal.

A maioria do óleo de colza europeu é utilizado de diversas formas, pode ser como mistura para a produção de biodiesel, como combustível in natura nos motores diesel modificados ou modernizados, como é o caso da tecnologia dos motores da companhia alemã Elsbett que suportam a mistura de inúmeros óleos, mesmo que possuam um elevado teor de viscosidade.

O uso do óleo vegetal como combustível, pode causar surpresa, mas o próprio Rudolf Diesel originalmente desenhou o seu motor para rodar com óleo de amendoim em 1912, quando o apresentou para o instituto inglês IMechE (Institution of Mechanical Engineers), depois disso seu uso como combustível retornou durante as guerras mundiais (nos tanques de guerra) e logo após, com a crise do petróleo ressurge em 1970 inovado, graças a invenção das novas tecnologias que integram os motores da linha Elsbett.

Galeria

Extração

Pode utilizar-se a maneira "moderna" de processamento de óleos através da extração química, utilizando extractos de solventes, produzindo assim uma maior quantidade, tornando-se num método mais rápido e barato. O solvente mais comum é o hexano, um derivado do petróleo.

Uma outra maneira é a "extração física", a qual não recorre a solventes. Baseia-se na extração mediante processos mecânicos. Este processo é frequentemente utilizado na Europa para a produção de óleos de cozinha, uma vez que os consumidores europeus assim o preferem.

Existem algumas espécies utilizadas para a extração: nativa (buriti, babaçu, mamona etc.), outras são de cultivo de ciclo curto (soja, amendoim, etc.) e outras ainda de ciclo longo ou perene (dendê).

Ver também

Referências

  1. «Óleo vegetal». Encyclopædia Britannica Online (em inglês). Consultado em 13 de maio de 2023 
  2. Engenheiro defende uso de óleo vegetal puro nos motores diesel
  3. a b Ahmed Shaban, Ravi P Sahu (25 de fevereiro de 2017). «Pumpkin Seed Oil: An Alternative Medicine». PubMed (em inglês). Consultado em 5 de outubro de 2023 

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