Zatoka Honduraska

Zatoka Honduraska
Golfo de Honduras
Gulf of Honduras
Zdjęcie satelitarne
Państwo	Belize Gwatemala Honduras
Lokalizacja	Morze Karaibskie
Głębokość • maksymalna	54 m

Położenie na mapie Morza Karaibskiego
16°09′05,04″N 88°15′06,12″W/16,151400 -88,251700

Zatoka Honduraska (hiszp. Golfo de Honduras, ang. Gulf of Honduras) – otwarta zatoka Morza Karaibskiego, położona u wybrzeży Belize, Gwatemali i Hondurasu. W zachodniej części znajduje się mniejsza zatoka Amatique. Maksymalna głębokość zatoki wynosi 54 m. Temperatura wód powierzchniowych wynosi 27 °C, a średnie zasolenie – 36‰. Wysokość pływów dochodzi do 70 cm. Na wodach Zatoki Honduraskiej znajdują się liczne wysepki, skały i rafy, z których najbardziej znane są Pelican Cays. Zatoka graniczy z drugą pod względem długości rafą koralową na świecie Wielką Mezoamerykańską Rafą Koralową^[1]^[2].

Do zatoki uchodzi 12 rzek w tym Dulce, Motagua i Ulúa o łącznym symulowanym przepływie 1232 m³/s. Rozwój rolnictwa i przemysłu doprowadził, że rzeki nanoszą coraz więcej osadów, składników odżywczych oraz zanieczyszczeń, które mogą zagrażać rafie koralowej^[1]. Ważniejsze porty nad Zatoką Honduraską to: Belize (Belize), Puerto Barrios (Gwatemala), Puerto Cortés i La Ceiba (Honduras).

Wody zatoki zamieszkują takie ryby jak: Lucjanowate (w tym Lutjanus buccanella, Lutjanus cyanopterus, Lutjanus analis) Epinephelus (w tym Epinephelus itajara, Epinephelus guttatus), tarpon atlantycki, anchoa, karita, żaglica^[3].

Część obszarów zatoki wchodzi w skład kilku rezerwatów w tym rezerwatu morskiego Port Honduras Marine Reserve mającego powierzchnię 409 km² i chroniącego przybrzeżny ekosystem zatoki oraz rezerwatu półwyspu Punta de Manabique^[4].

Przypisy

↑ ^a ^b AMS Journals Online. journals.ametsoc.org. [dostęp 2015-07-01]. [zarchiwizowane z tego adresu (2016-03-03)].
↑ Rafa Koralowa Belize - Cuda Świata. cudaswiata.pl. [dostęp 2015-07-01].
↑ The voice of the fishermen of the Gulf of Honduras: Improving regional fisheries management through fisher participation. ResearchGate. [dostęp 2015-07-01].
↑ Official Record for Port Honduras. [dostęp 2015-07-01].

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