Europeisk villkatt

Europeisk villkatt
Nomenklatur
Felis silvestris
Schreber, 1775
Synonymi
F. s. silvestris
Populærnavn
europeisk villkatt,
kontinental villkatt,
skotsk villkatt,
kaukasisk villkatt
Klassifikasjon
RikeDyreriket
RekkeRyggstrengdyr
KlassePattedyr
OrdenRovpattedyr
FamilieKattefamilien
SlektFelis
Miljøvern
IUCNs rødliste:
ver 3.1
UtryddetUtryddet i vill tilstandKritisk truetSterkt truetSårbarNær truetLivskraftig

LC — Livskraftig[1]

Økologi
Habitat: terrestrisk, skog og buskmark opp til 2 250 moh og snødybder under 20 cm
Utbredelse: Europa og Kaukasus
Inndelt i

Europeisk villkatt (Felis silvestris) er et lite rovpattedyr i kattefamilien og inngår i tamkattlinjen (Felis). Arten ble tidligere kategorisert som en underart av villkatt, men International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature har bestemt at denne katten skal betraktes som et selvstendig takson, med referanse til det Vitenskapelige navnet F. silvestris.[2] Samtidig forsvinner villkatten som art.

Biologi

Europeisk villkatt var opprinnelig utbredt i skog og buskmark over hele Europa, unntatt i områder der snødybden når mer enn 15-20 cm. I dag finnes denne katten først og fremst i Kaukasus, Skottland, Tyskland, de østre delene av Frankrike og i Pyrenéene, samt på noen av øyene i Middelhavet.

Skotsk villkatt

Skotsk villkatt

Skotsk villkatt er beskrevet som F. s. grampia, men har ikke status som egen underart, men er snarere en økoart under europeisk villkatt. Den finnes bare i Skottland, i områder nord for Glasgow og Edinburgh, men ikke på de skotske øyene. Forskerne tror at europeisk villkatt kan ha tatt seg over til Storbritannia via Doggerland, et landområde mellom England og Nederland som sank i havet da det begynte å stige etter siste istid, for omkring 6 500 år siden, der den ble isolert.[3] Tidligere var denne katten utbredt over hele Storbritannia (unntatt på øyene), men det er aldri funnet bevis for at den har eksistert i Irland. I England døde det siste sikre beviset for denne katten ut i 1849, da et eksemplar ble skutt i Nord-England. Hybridisering med huskatt har vært og er et problem for underarten. Per 2017 regner forskerne med at det kun er omkring 35 genetisk rene villkatter igjen i Skottland.[3]

Skotsk villkatt er gråbrun i fargen og har mørke striper. Den skiller seg fra den kontinentale typen gjennom å ha en tettere kroppsbygning og en kortere hale. Skotsk villkatt er på størrelse med huskatten, men den veier langt mer.[3] Den er også fysisk større enn den kontinentale villkatten, i det voksne hanner typisk veier 6 kg eller mer. I tillegg er den gjerne mørkere i utfargingen. Endringer i det fine stripemønsteret som denne varianten skal ha er et tegn på hybridisering.[3]

Inndeling

Inndelingen følger «Felids and Hyenas of the World».[2] IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group støtter ny inndeling av kattefamilien (Felidae), og herunder også en ny inndeling i gruppen av småkatter (Felis).[4] Den nye inndelingen anerkjenner også inndelingen av kattefamilien i åtte distinkte klader, i henhold til Johnson et al. (2006).[5]

Treliste

Referanser

  1. ^ Gerngross, P., Ambarli, H., Angelici, F.M., Anile, S., Campbell, R., Ferreras de Andres, P., Gil-Sanchez, J.M., Götz, M., Jerosch, S., Mengüllüoglu, D., Monterosso, P. & Zlatanova, D. 2022. Felis silvestris. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T181049859A181050999. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T181049859A181050999.en. Accessed on 02 August 2023.
  2. ^ a b Castelló, José (2020). «Felinae: Tamkattlinjen». Felids and Hyenas of the World. USA: Princeton University Press. s. 176–179. ISBN 978-0-691-20597-7.  doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691211862-009
  3. ^ a b c d Alex Riley (2017) Scotland is home to small «tigers», but maybe not for long. BBC Britain, 5 May 2017. Besøkt 2018-07-09
  4. ^ Kitchener, A. C., Breitenmoser-Würsten, C., Eizirik, E., Gentry, A., Werdelin, L., Wilting A., Yamaguchi, N., Abramov, A. V., Christiansen, P., Driscoll, C., Duckworth, J. W., Johnson, W., Luo, S.-J., Meijaard, E., O’Donoghue, P., Sanderson, J., Seymour, K., Bruford, M., Groves, C., Hoffmann, M., Nowell, K., Timmons, Z. & Tobe, S. (2017). «A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group» (PDF). Cat News. Special Issue 11. Arkivert fra originalen (PDF) 31. juli 2017. Besøkt 2. august 2023. 
  5. ^ Johnson, W. E., Eizirik, E., Pecon-Slattery, J., Murphy, W. J., Antunes, A., Teeling, E., & O'Brien, S. J. (2006). The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: a genetic assessment. Science, 311(5757), 73-77. doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1122277

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