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Archaeologia est scientia exstantium antiquitatum, quae multum historiae auxilium confert. Etenim, velut scientia rerum antiquarum, non solum historiae scriptis, sed etiam inscriptionibus, aedificiis, supellectilibus, ornamentis, sepulcris, ceterisque rebus ad humanam vitam pertinentibus quae auxilium supersunt ducit.

Etymologia

Nomen archaeologiae a vocabulis Graecis ἀρχαῖος 'antiquus' et λόγος 'studium' deducitur.

Prospectus

Saepe labor archaeologicus est per agros ambulare, fictilia colligendi causa. Archaeologi hunc modum prospectionem vocant. Prospectio archaeologica ita est modus agrorum et montium recensendorum et indiciorum archaeologicorum colendorum. In prospectione ambulanti per agrum, archaeologi in singulam lineam ambulant, in spatiis aequis dispersi. Tandem in charta agri inventa collocant. Postea, res collectae in laboratoriis explicantur. Saepe ante ambulationem, archaeologi studium de regione faciunt in libris antiquis aut incolis inquaerens.

Adsunt aliae rationes prospectionis praeter ambulationem. Photographia aerea est studium imaginum locorum, ut monumenta aut relicta monumentorum ab aere videri possint. Quoque adsunt rationes prospectionis per geophysicam.

Saepe prospectio est studium praevium fossionis.

Chronologia absoluta

Adsunt rationes permultae, per quas possibile est aetatem accurate rerum aut obiectorum investigare. Praeclarae rationes declinationis atomorum radiactivorum in usu sunt.

Carbonium 14

Carbonium 14 est ratio ad calculandam aetatem rerum archaeologicarum, solum si rebus insunt materiae substantiae organicae. Inventa est haec ratio anno 1949, a W. F. Libby.

Dendrochronologia

Dendrochronologia est disciplina chronologica, quae aetatem lignorum et tabularum dat, ob comparationem inter anullos arborum.

Chronologia relativa

Si plus cognoscere vis, vide etiam Terminus post quem.

Stratigraphia est studium stratuum in quodam loco archaeologico. Ob legem superimpositionis stratuum, stratus profundissimus est stratus veterrimus.

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