모체 수소화물

모체 수소화물(母體水素化物, 영어: parent hydride)은 화학에서 IUPAC 명명법에서 AH
n
이라는 화학식을 갖는 전형원소 화합물을 의미하며, 여기서 A는 전형원소이다. 모체 수소화물의 이름은 알케인의 명명법과 유사하게 "-에인(-ane)"으로 끝난다. 모체 수소화물의 유도체는 수소 원자를 대체하는 치환기를 나타내기 위해 모체 수소화물의 이름에 접두사 또는 접미사를 붙여서 명명된다.

모체 수소화물은 유기화학의 IUPAC 명명법무기화학의 IUPAC 명명법 체계 모두에서 사용된다.[1]

13-17족 원소에 대한 모체 수소화물의 이름 (표준 결합 번호 포함)
13 14 15 16 17
BH3, 보레인 CH4, 메테인* NH3, 아제인 (암모니아)* OH2, 옥시데인 (물)* FH, 플루오레인 (플루오린화 수소)*
AlH3, 알루메인 (수소화 알루미늄) SiH4, 실레인* PH3, 포스페인 (포스핀)* SH2, 설페인 (황화 수소)* ClH, 클로레인 (염화 수소)*
GaH3, 갈레인 GeH4, 저메인* AsH3, 아르세인 (아르신)* SeH2, 셀레인 (셀레늄화 수소)* BrH, 브로메인 (브로민화 수소)*
InH3, 인디게인 SnH4, 스탄네인* SbH3, 스티베인 TeH2, 텔레인 (텔루륨화 수소)* IH, 아이오데인 (아이오딘화 수소)*
TlH3, 탈레인 PbH4, 플럼베인 BiH3, 비스무테인 PoH2, 폴레인 (수소화 폴로늄) AtH, 아스타테인 (아스타틴화 수소)

*화학에서 광범위하게 사용되는 용어

반응 및 구조

모체 수소화물은 유용한 기준 화합물이지만 대부분은 존재하지 않거나 불안정하다. 13족 원소의 모체 수소화물은 특별한 조건에서만 존재한다. 보레인은 비가역적으로 이량체화된다. 갈레인과 더 무거운 동성체가 중합되며 때로는 수소의 손실이 일어난다. 플럼베인과 비스무테인, 스티베인, 인데인, 탈레인은 불안정하다.

같이 보기

각주

  1. Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry IUPAC Recommendations 2005 (Red Book) Par. IR-6 Parent Hydride Names and Substitutive Nomenclature - Full text PDF

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