様々な管轄区域で、ある種の集約畜産が環境保護のため規制対象とされる。米国では、汚物を排出したり排出を申請する高密度家畜飼養経営体(CAFO)は連邦政府の水質浄化法(Clean Water Act)に準ずる要件を満たすよう、 必要に応じて肥料栄養、汚染物質、廃水等を管理する計画の許可及び実施が求められる[40][41]。規制の順守および施行のデータは一部が入手閲覧可能である。2000年に、アメリカ合衆国環境保護庁は32業種の環境パフォーマンスについて5年と1年のデータを公開し、そのうち畜産業データは主にCAFOの検査から得られたものである。そのデータは主に水質浄化法に基づく検査と施行に関するものだが、大気浄化法や資源保護回復法(Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)に基づいたものでもある。32業種のうち、畜産業は5年間での環境パフォーマンスの上位7位に入り、検査に対する執行命令の割合が低いことで、調査期間の最終年にはトップ2の一角を占める良好な環境パフォーマンスが示された。5年と最終年における畜産業の執行命令・検査の割合は、それぞれ0.05と0.01であった。また、最終年に違反した施設割合が最も低いという点で畜産業は32業種中トップ2の一角を占めた[42]。カナダでは、集約畜産事業が州の規制対象であり、規制事業体の定義は州によって様々である。例をいくつか挙げると、集約畜産事業(サスカチュワン州)、給餌制限事業(アルバータ州)、肥育場(ブリティッシュコロンビア州)、永続的な高密度屋外拘置区域(オンタリオ州)、肥育場(マニトバ州)等である。カナダでは、集約畜産も他の農業部門と同様、連邦や州の様々な要件対象となる。
^Sources discussing no "intensive farming", "intensive agriculture" or "factory farming":
Fraser, David. Animal welfare and the intensification of animal production: An alternative interpretation, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2005. *Turner, Jacky. "History of factory farming"Archived November 16, 2013, at the Wayback Machine., United Nations: "Fifty years ago in Europe, intensification of animal production was seen as the road to national food security and a better diet ... The intensive systems ? called 'factory farms' ? were characterised by confinement of the animals at high stocking density, often in barren and unnatural conditions."
"Head to head: Intensive farming", BBC News, March 6, 2001: "Here, Green MEP Caroline Lucas takes issue with the intensive farming methods of recent decades ... In the wake of the spread of BSE from the UK to the continent of Europe, the German Government has appointed an Agriculture Minister from the Green Party. She intends to end factory farming in her country. This must be the way forward and we should end industrial agriculture in this country as well."
^Sources discussing "industrial farming", "industrial agriculture" and "factory farming":
"Annex 2. Permitted substances for the production of organic foods", Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: "'Factory' farming refers to industrial management systems that are heavily reliant on veterinary and feed inputs not permitted in organic agriculture.
"Head to head: Intensive farming", BBC News, March 6, 2001: "Here, Green MEP Caroline Lucas takes issue with the intensive farming methods of recent decades ... In the wake of the spread of BSE from the UK to the continent of Africa, the German Government has appointed an Agriculture Minister from the Green Party. She intends to end factory farming in her country. This must be the way forward and we should end industrial agriculture in this country as well."
^"Is factory farming really cheaper?" in New Scientist, Institution of Electrical Engineers, New Science Publications, University of Michigan, 1971, p. 12.
^Danielle Nierenberg (2005) Happier Meals: Rethinking the Global Meat Industry. Worldwatch Paper 121: 5
^Duram, Leslie A. (2010). Encyclopedia of Organic, Sustainable, and Local Food. ABC-CLIO. p. 139. ISBN978-0-313-35963-7
^FAO. 2007. The state of the world's animal genetic resources for food and agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome. 511 pp.
^Dryden, James. Poultry Breeding and Management. Orange Judd Press, 1916.
^Havenstein, G.B., P.R. Ferket, and M.A. Qureshi, 2003a. "Growth, livability, and feed conversion of 1957 versus 2001 broilers when fed representative 1957 and 2001 broiler diets". Poult. Sci. 82:1500-1508
^Bollongino, Ruth & al. Molecular Biology and Evolution. "Modern Taurine Cattle descended from small number of Near-Eastern founders". March 7, 2012. Accessed April 2, 2012. Op. cit. in Wilkins, Alasdair. io9.com. "DNA reveals that cows were almost impossible to domesticate". March 28, 2012. Accessed April 2, 2012
^ abNeori A, Chopin T, Troell M, Buschmann AH, Kraemer GP, Halling C, Shpigel M and Yarish C. 2004. Integrated aquaculture: rationale, evolution and state of the art emphasizing seaweed biofiltration in modern mariculture. Aquaculture 231: 361-391.
^Chopin T, Buschmann AH, Halling C, Troell M, Kautsky N, Neori A, Kraemer GP, Zertuche-Gonzalez JA, Yarish C and Neefus C. 2001. Integrating seaweeds into marine aquaculture systems: a key toward sustainability. Journal of Phycology 37: 975-986.
^ abChopin T. 2006. Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture. What it is, and why you should care... and don't confuse it with polyculture. Northern Aquaculture, Vol. 12, No. 4, July/August 2006, pg. 4.
^US EPA. 2000. Profile of the agricultural livestock production industry. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Compliance. EPA/310-R-00-002. 156 pp.
^Barnett JL, Hemsworth PH, Cronin GM, Jongman EC, and Hutson GD. 2001. "A review of the welfare issues for sows and piglets in relation to housing", Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52:1-28. Cited in: Pajor EA. 2002. "Group housing of sows in small pens: advantages, disadvantages and recent research", In: Reynells R (ed.), Proceedings: Symposium on Swine Housing and Well-being (Des Moines, Iowa: U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, June 5, pp. 37-44). In: An HSUS Report: Welfare Issues with Gestation Crates for Pregnant Sows, Humane Society of the United States. Archived July 3, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
^EU-AGRINETArchived May 23, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. article Fighting swine fever in Europe (Project Coordinator: Dr Trevor Drew at Veterinary Laboratories Agency)
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