シプリアーノ・カストロ

シプリアーノ・カストロ
Cipriano Castro


ベネズエラの旗 ベネズエラ
第37代 大統領
任期 1899年1908年
副大統領 フアン・ビセンテ・ゴメス

出生 1858年10月12日
タチラ州
死去 1924年12月4日
プエルトリコサンフアン
署名

シプリアーノ・カストロ・ルイス スペイン語: Cipriano Castro Ruiz1858年10月12日 - 1924年12月4日)は、ベネズエラの政治家、軍人。カウディーリョ。1899年から1908年まで独裁政治を執った。

アンデス山脈タチラ州出身。牧童から牧場主となったが、1899年に中央集権的な憲法に対する地方の不満とコーヒー不況を背景にして、コロンビア領内で挙兵した。中央政府に宣戦を布告後、いくつかの小規模な戦闘に勝利し、首都カラカスに進軍。タチラ州出身者と共に独裁政権を樹立した。大統領任期を6年に延長し、普通選挙を撤廃した。国際関係では、1902年12月に債務支払いを要求したイギリスイタリアドイツの海軍がラ・グアイラなどの主要港を襲撃したが、アメリカ合衆国の調停もあって不払いのまま解決した(なお、この時にドラゴ・ドクトリンが生まれた)。しかし、1908年にはアメリカとも関係が悪化した。病気療養のためパリに滞在中、副大統領フアン・ビセンテ・ゴメスが隙を突いてクーデターをおこしたため失脚し、そのまま亡命状態になった。1913年に反乱をおこしたが、翌年鎮圧された。1924年にプエルトリコの港湾都市サンフアンで死去。

外部リンク

先代
イグナシオ・アンドラーデ
ベネズエラ共和国大統領
第37代:1908年 - 1914年
次代
フアン・ビセンテ・ゴメス

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