安倍頼時

 
安倍頼時
時代 平安時代中期
生誕 生年不詳
死没 天喜5年(1057年)7月下旬から8月初旬頃[1]
改名 頼良→頼時
別名 安太夫
官位 従五位下
氏族 安倍氏
父母 父:安倍忠良
兄弟 頼時良照
清原武則の兄妹(正妻)、金為行の兄妹、同じく為行の兄妹か[2]
良宗貞任宗任正任家任重任則任行任平永衡室、藤原経清室
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安倍 頼時(あべ の よりとき)は、平安時代の武将。陸奥国奥六郡を治めた俘囚長。孫に奥州藤原氏の初代藤原清衡がいる。初名は頼良(よりよし)。安太夫と号した。

経歴

陸奥大掾(陸奥権守とする説がある[3][4])であった安倍忠良の息子である[5]。頼良(のちの頼時)の代までに奥六郡族長制の半独立勢力を形成しており、11世紀の半ばには安倍氏が朝廷への貢租を怠る状態となった。

永承6年(1051年)には、陸奥守藤原登任が数千の兵を出して安倍氏の懲罰を試みたため、頼良は俘囚らを動員して衣川を越えて国衙領へ侵攻し、鬼切部の戦いにおいて国府側を撃破した(前九年の役)。朝廷は源頼義を新たに陸奥守に任命して派遣するが、頼義が陸奥に赴任した翌永承7年(1052年)春、朝廷において上東門院藤原彰子の病気快癒祈願のために安倍氏に大赦が出され、頼良に関する罪も赦されることとなった。頼良は頼義と名の読みが同じことを遠慮して「頼時」と改名した。

天喜4年(1056年)、頼義が任期満了で陸奥守を辞める直前、多賀城へ帰還中の頼義軍の部下の営所を何者かが夜襲したとされ、その嫌疑人として頼義が頼時の嫡子・貞任の身柄を要求した(阿久利川事件)。頼時は頼義の要求を拒絶して挙兵し、頼義に頼時追討の宣旨が下った。

天喜5年(1057年)7月、反旗を翻した一族と見られる豪族・安倍富忠を説得するために頼時は北上したが、仁土呂志辺においてに富忠勢に奇襲を受け、流れ矢を受けて深手を負った。重傷の身で鳥海柵まで退却したが、本拠地の衣川を目前に鳥海柵で没し、貞任が頼時の跡を継いだ。

なお、『今昔物語集』等を根拠として、頼時自身は反乱の首謀者ではなく蝦夷反乱に同調しようとしたとの嫌疑が掛けられたことに伴うものである等の見解が出されている。また束稲山に桜を植えたという逸話がある。

脚注

  1. ^ 『百錬抄』天喜五年(1057年)九月二十三日条に「俘囚安倍頼時去七月廿六日合戦之間中矢」とある。樋口知志「藤原清衡論(上)」(岩手大学人文社会科学部紀要『アルテス リベテレス』第82号)註16を参照。
  2. ^ 『前九年・後三年合戦と兵の時代』 樋口知志 2016年 吉川弘文館
  3. ^ 川尻秋生『揺れ動く貴族社会(全集日本の歴史4)』小学館2008年 ISBN 409622104X
  4. ^ 陸奥権守説を唱える戸川点は、忠良が一族郎党を連れて陸奥に下向してそのまま奥六郡に土着して俘囚を従えたとする説を採っており、頼時も実は京都出身の可能性もあるとしている(戸川点「安倍氏と鳥海柵」(初出:『国際開発学研究』16巻2号(拓殖大学国際開発研究所、2017年)/所収:戸川『平安時代の政治秩序』(同成社、2018年))2018年、P269.)。
  5. ^ 上田正昭、津田秀夫、永原慶二、藤井松一、藤原彰、『コンサイス日本人名辞典 第5版』、株式会社三省堂、2009年 49頁。

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