ラッド (魚類)

ラッド
保全状況評価[1]
LEAST CONCERN
(IUCN Red List Ver.3.1 (2001))
分類
界 : 動物界 Animalia
門 : 脊索動物門 Chordata
亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata
綱 : 条鰭綱 Actinopterygii
上目 : 骨鰾上目 Ostariophysi
目 : コイ目 Cypriniformes
科 : コイ科 Cyprinidae
属 : Scardinius
種 : ラッド S. erythrophthalmus
学名
Scardinius erythrophthalmus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
英名
Common Rudd

ラッド（学名：Scardinius erythrophthalmus）は、ヨーロッパと中央アジア、西アジアに広く分布するコイ科ウグイ亜科の淡水魚の一種。ラッドは Scardinius 属の総称でもあるため、特に本種を指す場合はコモン・ラッド（Common Rudd）と呼ぶ。

分布

ヨーロッパから中東にかけ、北海やバルト海、黒海、カスピ海、アラル海に分布する[2]。またアイルランド、アメリカ合衆国、モロッコ、マダガスカル、チュニジア、ニュージーランド、カナダ、スペインに人為的に持ち込まれている[3]。かつて、日本では埼玉県伊佐沼に移入されたが定着はしなかった。

それ以外では、琵琶湖において、淡水性二枚貝の規制宿主として輸入され、養殖されたものが野外でまとまって採集された記録も残っている。また、福井県や新潟県からも報告がある。

形態

全長は45–50cm。体色は黄緑色に近く、背鰭と胸鰭は灰色がかった赤色、その他の鰭は明るい赤色。口は上向きで、背鰭は後方にある。背鰭は3棘と8 - 9軟条から、臀鰭は3棘と8 - 12軟条、尾鰭は18 - 19条から成る。椎骨は36 - 39個で、側線鱗は39 - 42個[2]。形態的にはローチと非常によく似ているが、ローチは目の色が黄色でなく深紅色であり、背鰭軟条が10 - 12本であることで見分けられる。本種とローチは交雑する事もある。

生態

栄養が豊富で植物がよく茂る川、池、湖に生息し、汽水域にも進出する。若魚は動物プランクトン、水生昆虫、小魚を食べる。成魚は主に水草を食べる。1日に体重の最大40% の植物を捕食し、そのうち80% が老廃物として排出される。富栄養水や汚染水など、幅広い温度や環境に耐えることができる。寿命は最長19年で、2 - 3年で性成熟する[4]。雌は水草の中で最大20万個の卵を産む。卵は透明か淡い黄色で粘着性があり、水草に付着する[2]。

人との関わり

釣りの対象として人気で、ミミズ、ウジとそのサナギ、スイートコーンなどが餌になる。流れの緩やかな場所を好む為、ウキを利用した釣り方が一般的である。釣りの対象魚以外としては、現地では観賞用として親しまれており、黄変種や青変種の改良品種が作られている。日本にも稀に観賞用として輸入されることがある。

ニュージーランドやカナダでは、元々の生態系への影響が大きいことから、侵略的外来種とされている[5]。アメリカの幾つかの州では本種の所持、移動が禁止されている[6]。

参考文献

  1. ^ Freyhof, J.; Kottelat, M. (2008). “Scardinius erythrophthalmus”. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T19946A9112799. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T19946A9112799.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19946/9112799 14 February 2024閲覧。. 
  2. ^ a b c “Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Rudd : Fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish, aquarium, bait”. 2024年2月14日閲覧。
  3. ^ “Rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus) introduced to the Iberian peninsula: Feeding ecology in Lake Banyoles | Request PDF” (英語). ResearchGate. 2024年2月14日閲覧。
  4. ^ “rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus”. February 14, 2024閲覧。
  5. ^ Chadderton, W. Lindsay. “Management of invasive freshwater fish: striking the right balance!”. Hamilton, NZ: Department of Conservation. 2012年3月2日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。10 May 2010閲覧。
  6. ^ “ALABAMA REGULATIONS 2022-2023”. pp. 67 220–2-.26. 2024年2月14日閲覧。

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