アクロメリン酸にはA、B[52][53]、C[54]、D、E[55]の5種が存在する。アクロメリン酸A-Eの、ドクササコ子実体中における含有量はごく微量であり、たとえばアクロメリン酸Aは、生の子実体16.2 kg から110 μg、Bは同じく40 μgしか得られない[53]。カイニン酸やドウモイ酸に類似した基本骨格を持ち[52][53]、後二者と同様に、脳のグルタミン酸受容体を介した著しい神経興奮作用を有し、神経毒として働く[56][57]。これらのうちでは、発見・単離の歴史が比較的古いAおよびBについての研究がより進んでいる。
^ abSinger, R. (1986). The Agaricales in Modern Taxonomy (4th and revised edition ed.). Koenigstein: Koeltz Scientific Book. ISBN3- 87429-254-1
^Singer, R. (1961). “Diagnoses Fungorum novorum Agaricalium II”. Sydowia15: 45-83.
^Redhead, S. A., Lutzoni, F., Moncalvo, J. M., and R. Vilgalys (2002). “Phylogeny of agarics: partial systematics solution for core omphalinoid genera in the Agaricales (euagarics)”. Mycotaxon83: 18-57. NAID10019950608.
^Harmaja, H. (2003). “Notes on Clitocybe s. lato (Agaricales)”. Annales Botanici Fennici40: 213-218.
^Konno, K., Hayano, K., Shirahama, H., Saito, H., and T. Matsumoto, 1982. Clitidine, a new toxic pyridine nucleoside from Clitocybe acromelalga. Tetrahedron 38: 3281-3284., doi:10.1016/0040-4020(82)80107-5
^ abcKawamura, S. (1911). “On a poisonous fungus, Lactarius torminosus (SCHAEFF.) FR. which causes inflammation of human limbs”. 植物学雑誌25 (291): 104-115. doi:10.15281/jplantres1887.25.291_104.
^Miura, O. (1936). “Über die pharmakologische Wirkung von Clitocybe acromelalga Ichimura”. Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine30: 150-169. doi:10.1620/tjem.30.150.
^Konno, K., Hayano, K., Shirahama, H., Saito, H., and T. Matsumoto (1982). “Clitidine, a new toxic pyridine nucleoside from Clitocybe acromelalga”. Tetrahedron38 (22): 3281-3284. doi:10.1016/0040-4020(82)80107-5.
^ abcK. Yamano., and H. Shirahama (1992). “New amino acids from the poisonous mushroom Clitocybe acromelalga”. Tetrahedron48 (8): 1457-1464. doi:10.1016/S0040-4020(01)92234-3.
^Yamano, K., and H. Shirahama (1994). “Clitidine 5’-mononucleotide, a toxic pyridine nucleotide from Clitocybe acromelalga”. Phytochemistry35: 897-899. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90634-4.
^ abKonno, K., Shirahama, H., and T. Matsumoto (1983). “Isolation and structure of acromelic acid A and B. New kainoids of Clitocybe acromelalga”. Tetrahedron Lett.23: 939-942. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)81571-3.
^ abcKonno, K., Hashimoto, K., Ohfune. Y., Shirahama, H., and T. Matsumoto (1988). “Acromelic acids A and B. Potent neuroexcitatory amino acids isolated from Clitocybe acromelalga”. J. Am. Chem. Soc.110: 4807-4815. doi:10.1021/ja00222a044.
^ abFushiya, S., Sato, S., Kanazawa, T., Kusano, G., and S. Nozoe (1990). “Acromelic acid C. A new toxic constituent of Clitocybe acromelalga : An efficient isolation of acromelic acids”. Tetrahedron Lett.31: 3901-3904. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)97501-4.
^Fushiya, S., Sato, S., Kera, Y., and S. Nozoe (1992). “Isolation of acromelic acids D and E from Clitocybe acromelalga”. Heterocycles34: 1277-1280. doi:10.3987/COM-92-6065.
^Shinozaki, H. (1988). “Pharmacology of the glutamate receptors”. Progress of Neurobiology30: 399-435. doi:10.1016/0301-0082(88)90009-3.
^ abTsuji, K., Nakamura, Y., Ogata, T., Mitani, A., Kataoka, K., Shibata, T., Ishida, M., and H. Shinozaki (1995). “Neurotoxicity of acromelic acid in cultured neurons from rat spinal cord”. Neuroscience68: 585-591. doi:10.1016/0306-4522(95)00149-D. PMID7477968.
^Taguchi, T., Tomotoshi, K., and K. Mizumura (2009). “Excitatory actions of mushroom poison (acromelic acid) on unmyelinated muscular afferents in the rat”. Neurosci. Lett.456: 69-73. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.03.102. PMID19429136.
^Baldwin, J. E., Fryer, A. M. and G. J. Pritchard (2000). “Novel C-4 Heteroaromatic Kainoid Analogues: A Parallel Synthesis Approach”. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.10: 309-311. doi:10.1016/S0960-894X(99)00690-3. PMID10698461.
^ Fushiya, S., Sato, S., and S. Nozoe (1992). “L-Stizolobic acid and L-stizolobinic acid from Clitocybe acromelalga, precursors of acromelic acids”. Phytochemistry31: 2337-2339. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(92)83276-5.
^Yamano, K., Hashimoto, K., and H. Shirahama (1992). “Novel Neuroexcitatory Amino Acid from Clitocybe acromelalga”. Heterocycles34: 445-448. doi:10.3987/COM-91-5950.
^Yamano, K., and H. Shirahama (1993). “New amino acids from Clitocybe acromelalga. Possible intermediates in the biogenesis of mushroom toxins, acromelic acids”. Tetrahedron49: 2427-2436. doi:10.1016/S0040-4020(01)86321-3.
^Konno. K., Shirahama, H., and T. Matsumoto (1981). “Isolation and structure of Clithioneine, a new amino acid betaine from Clitocybe acromelalga”. Tetrahedron Lett.22: 1617-1618. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(01)90392-2.
^Konno, K., Shirahama, H., and T. Matsumoto (1984). “Clithioneine, an amino acid betaine from Clitocybe acromelalga”. Phytochemistry23: 1003-1006. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82600-X.
^Hirayama, F., Konno, K., Shirahama, H., and M. Matsumoto (1989). “4-Aminopyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid from Clitocybe acromelalga”. Phytochemistry18: 1133-1135. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(89)80196-7.
^Yamano, K., and H. Shirahama (1994). “A Piperidine Amino Acid, 2,4,5-Piperidine tricarboxylic Acid from Clitocybe acromelalga”. Z. Naturforsch. C49: 707-711. doi:10.1515/znc-1994-11-1203. PMID7865029.
^Yamano, K., and H. Shirahama (1994. The structure of a new dipeptide from the mushroom, Clitocybe acromelalga). Z. Naturforsch. C49: 157-162. doi:10.1515/znc-1994-3-401. PMID8018249.
^Fushiya, S., Matsuda, M., Yamada, S., and S. Nozoe (1996). “New opine type amino acids from a poisonous mushroom, Clitocybe acromelalga”. Tetrahedron52: 877-886. doi:10.1016/0040-4020(95)00929-9.
^Malençon, G. and R. Bertault., 1975. Flore des champignons supérieurs du Maroc, tome 2. Trav. Inst. Scient. Chérifien et Faculté des Sciences de Rabat, Série Botanique et Biologie Végétale n°33: 1-540 + 22 pls. en couleurs.
^Moreau, P.-A., Courtecuisse, R., Guez, D., Garcin, R., Neville, P., Saviuc, P., and F. Seigle-Murandi (2001). “Analyse taxinomique d'une espèce toxique: Clitocybe amoenolens Malençon”. Cryptogamie Mycologie22: 95-117. doi:10.1016/S0181-1584(01)80003-8.
^Stijve, T. (2001). “Beware of those brown Clitocybes ! – a new poisonous mushroom in Europe”. Field Mycology2: 77-79. doi:10.1016/S1468-1641(10)60101-6.
^Saviuc, P., Dematteis, M., Mezin, P., Danel, V., and M. Mallaret (2003). “Toxicity of the Clitocybe amoenolens mushroom in the rat”. Vet. Hum. Toxicol.45: 180-182. PMID12882485.
^Bessard, J., Saviuc, P., Chane-Yene, Y., Monnet, S., G. Bessard (2004). “Mass spectrometric determination of acromelic acid A from a new poisonous mushroom: Clitocybe amoenolens”. J. Chromatogr. A1055: 99-107. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2004.08.133. PMID15560485.
^Haro, L. de (2009). “Mushroom intoxications: situation in France with discovery of new syndromes”. Pagine di Micologia32: 59-63.
^Elvin-Lewis, M. P. F., and W. h. Lewis (2003). Medical Botany: Plants Affecting Human Health. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 832. ISBN0-471-62882-4
^Camazine, S., and T. L. Lupo Jr. (1984). “Labile toxic compounds of the Lactarii: the role of the laticiferous hyphae as a storage depot for precursors of pungent dialdehydes”. Mycologia76: 355–3588. doi:10.2307/3793113.
^Widen, K. G., and E. L. Seppa (1979). “15-Hydroxyblennin A, a new lactarane-type sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Lactarius torminosus”. Phytochemistry18: 1226–1227. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(79)80144-2.
^Abraham, W.-R. (2001). “Bioactive sesquiterpenes produced by fungi: are they useful for humans as well?”. Curr. Med. Chem.8: 583–606. doi:10.2174/0929867013373147. PMID11281843.
الصومال Somalia Italiana الصومال الإيطالي مستعمرة إيطالية 1889 – 1936 الصومال الإيطاليعلم الصومال الإيطاليشعار الصومال الإيطالي الصومال الإيطالي عاصمة مقديشيو نظام الحكم غير محدّد اللغة الرسمية الإيطالية اللغة إيطالية وصومالية الديانة إسلام وكاثوليكية رومانية الحاكم توم
Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Armageddon (disambigua). Con il termine Armageddon (in latino tardo Armagedōn, latino ecclesiastico Armageddon, pronuncia /armaˈʤɛddon/[1][2]), o anche Armagedon[3] o Armaghedon[4][5] (pronuncia /armaɡeˈdɔn/), in greco antico: Ἁρμαγεδών?, Harmagedṓn, si indica un luogo dove, secondo il Nuovo Testamento (Apocalisse di Giovanni 16,16[6]), tre spiriti immondi radunerebb...
Derechos LGBT en BaréinBanderaEscudo HomosexualidadEs legal Desde 1976Edad de consentimiento sexualEdad de consentimiento homosexual 21Protección legal contra la discriminaciónLaboral Bienes y servicios En todos los aspectos Protección legal de parejaAcceso igualitario a la unión civil Matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo Derechos reproductivos y de adopciónAcceso igualitario a la adopción monoparental Acceso igualitario a técnicas de reproducción asistida Acceso igualitario a ge...
حديقة عضوية في حرم مدرسة مخطط البستنة والزراعة العضوية هو المخطط الذي يوفر نظرة عامة وأدلة موضوعية عن البستنة والزراعة العضوية: الزراعة العضوية - نظام زراعي بديل يعتمد على الأسمدة ذات المنشأ العضوي مثل السماد الطبيعي، الزبل، السماد الأخضر ، ووجبة العظام(سماد مصنوع من عظام...
شاكا هيسلوب معلومات شخصية الميلاد 22 فبراير 1969 (54 سنة)[1] حي هكني في لندن الطول 1.93 م (6 قدم 4 بوصة)[2][2] مركز اللعب حارس مرمى الجنسية ترينيداد وتوباغو المملكة المتحدة المدرسة الأم جامعة هوارد المسيرة الاحترافية1 سنوات فريق م. (هـ.) 1992–1995 ريدنغ 104 (0)...
Astrid-Sabine Busse, 2021 Astrid-Sabine Busse (* 23. Oktober 1957 in Berlin-Tempelhof) ist eine deutsche Pädagogin und Politikerin (SPD). Sie war vom 21. Dezember 2021 bis zum 27. April 2023 Berliner Senatorin für Bildung, Jugend und Familie im Senat Giffey und von 1. Januar 2023 bis Ende April 2023 Präsidentin der Kultusministerkonferenz.[1] Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben 2 Kontroversen 3 Veröffentlichungen 4 Weblinks 5 Einzelnachweise Leben Astrid-Sabine Busse wurde 1965 an der Grun...
1931 film The Case of Colonel RedlDirected byKarl AntonWritten byAlfred Schirokauer Benno VignyBased onThe Case of Colonel Redl by Egon Erwin KischProduced byJosef SteinStarringTheodor Loos Lil Dagover Otto HartmannCinematographyEduard Hoesch Václav VíchMusic byWilly Engel-BergerProductioncompaniesElektafilm Sonor FilmDistributed bySüd-FilmRelease date27 February 1931Running time82 minutesCountryCzechoslovakiaLanguageGerman The Case of Colonel Redl (German: Der Fall des Generalstabs-Oberst...
Musée historique juifInformations généralesNom local Joods Historisch MuseumSite web jck.nl/locatie/joods-museumBâtimentArchitecte Daniël StalpaertProtection ICOM, Fondation des musées d’AmsterdamLocalisationPays Pays-BasCommune AmsterdamAdresse 1 Nieuwe Amstelstraat (d)Coordonnées 52° 22′ 02″ N, 4° 54′ 14″ Emodifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Le musée historique juif (Joods Historisch Museum en néerlandais) est un musée de...
Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Maret 2016. Pondok Modern Darul Ma’rifatAlamatSumbercangkring, GurahKediri, Jawa TimurIndonesiaSitus webSitus web resmiInformasiJenisPondok pesantrenAfiliasiIslamDidirikan11 Desember 1993PimpinanAl-Ustadz Drs. H. Hariyanto Abdul JalalLain-lainMotoMotoBerdiri ...
For the original 1978 LP box set, see The Beatles Collection. For the 2009 remastered sets, see The Beatles (The Original Studio Recordings) and The Beatles in Mono. 1988 box set by the BeatlesThe Beatles Box SetBox set by the BeatlesReleased15 November 1988Recorded4 September 1962 – 1 April 1970, primarily at Abbey Road Studios, LondonGenreRockLength9:22:46LabelParlophone/Capitol/AppleProducerGeorge Martin, Phil Spector (Let It Be)The Beatles chronology Past Masters(1988) The ...
Інженер Ванневар Буш написав Як ми можемо подумати в 1945 році, описуючи свою концепцію Memex, машини, яка може реалізувати те, що ми зараз називаємо гіпертекстом. Його метою було допомогти людству досягти колективної пам'яті за допомогою такої машини та уникнути використанн...
American musician Dante BoweDante Bowe performing at the Big Church Festival at Wiston, West Sussex in 2022Background informationBirth nameDante BoweBorn (1993-05-10) May 10, 1993 (age 30)Rockingham, North Carolina, U.S.Genres Contemporary worship contemporary gospel Occupation(s) Singer songwriter Instrument(s) Vocals piano Years active2016–presentLabelsTRUE MusicFormerly of Bethel Music Maverick City Music WebsiteOfficial website Musical artist Dante Bowe is an American contemporary ...
2015 novel by Nicola Yoon Everything, Everything AuthorNicola YoonCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishGenreYoung adult fictionPublished1 September of 2015PublisherDelacorte BooksMedia typePrint (hardback, paperback), e-book, audiobookPages310 pages Everything, Everything is the debut young adult novel by Jamaican-American author Nicola Yoon,[1] first published by Delacorte Books for Young Readers in 2015.[2] The novel centers on 18-year-old Madeline Whittier, who is being ...
Indian politician N. Peethambara KurupMember of Parliament, Lok SabhaIn office2009 (2009)–2014 (2014)Preceded byP. RajendranSucceeded byN. K. PremachandranConstituencyKollam Personal detailsBorn (1942-05-24) 24 May 1942 (age 81)Navaikulam, Kingdom of Travancore, British India(present day Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India)Political partyIndian National CongressEducationBachelor of ArtsBachelor of LawsAlma materThe Kerala Law Academy Law College, Thiruvananthapuram N. Peethamba...
Prem PurachatraBorn(1915-08-12)12 August 1915Bangkok, SiamDied24 July 1981(1981-07-24) (aged 65)Bangkok, ThailandSpouseNgarmchit PurachatraIssueThirachatra Purachatra (adopted)HousePurachatra family (Chakri Dynasty)FatherPurachatra Jayakara, Prince of KamphaengphetMotherPrincess Prabhavasidhi Narumala Prince Prem Purachatra (Thai: พระวรวงศ์เธอ พระองค์เจ้าเปรมบุรฉัตร; RTGS: Prem Burachat; 12 August 1915 – 24 July 1...
Bond of the Metropolitan Cross-Town Railway Company, issued 1. April 1890 The Metropolitan Crosstown Line was a surface public transit line in Manhattan, New York City, United States, connecting the 14th Street Ferry and Desbrosses Street Ferry on the Hudson River with the Grand Street Ferry on the East River. It was owned by the New York Railways Company, and contained the Spring and Delancey Streets Line streetcars. The company was discontinued September 21, 1919 but restored from February ...
Строки синквейна Синкве́йн (от фр. cinquains, англ. cinquain) — пятистрочная стихотворная форма, возникшая в США в начале XX века под влиянием японской поэзии. В дальнейшем стала использоваться в дидактических целях как эффективный метод развития образной речи, который по...
Overview of the administrative divisions of Georgia (country) Subdivisions of Georgia redirects here. For subdivisions of the U.S. state, see List of counties in Georgia (U.S. state). Autonomous Republics, Regions, Municipalities Abkhazia AR Adjara AR Guria Imereti Kakheti Kvemo Kartli Mtskheta-Mtianeti Racha-Lechkhumiand Kvemo Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti Samtskhe-Javakheti Shida Kartli Tbilisi Black Sea Armenia Azerbaijan Russian Federation Turkey CategoryUnitary stateLocationGeorgiaNumbe...