カナダヤマアラシ

カナダヤマアラシ
生息年代: 更新世~現在
保全状況評価[1]
LEAST CONCERN
(IUCN Red List Ver.3.1 (2001))
分類
ドメイン : 真核生物 Eukaryota
: 動物界 Animalia
: 脊索動物門 Chordata
亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata
: 哺乳綱 Mammalia
: 齧歯目 Rodentia
亜目 : ヤマアラシ形亜目 Hystricomorpha
: アメリカヤマアラシ科 Erethizontidae
: カナダヤマアラシ属 Erethizon
: カナダヤマアラシ Erethizon dorsatum
学名
Erethizon dorsatum (Linnaeus, 1758)
和名
カナダヤマアラシ[2]
亜種
  • E. d. dorsatum
  • E. d. bruneri
  • E. d. couesi
  • E. d. epixanthum
  • E. d. myops
  • E. d. nigrescens
  • E. d. picinum

カナダヤマアラシErethizon dorsatum)はアメリカヤマアラシ科の種。北アメリカ大陸で2番目に大きな齧歯類である(最大はアメリカビーバー)。テンジクネズミ型類であり、先祖は3,000万年前に大西洋を横断してやってきた[3][4]後、300万年前のアメリカ大陸間大交差でできたパナマ地峡を通り北アメリカに達した[5]

分布・生息地

分布はカナダアメリカ合衆国北部、メキシコ北部の一部[6]。川沿いの温帯林、ツンドラに生息する[6]

形態

体長は65-80cm、尾長は15-30cm[6]。針の色は黄色味のある白色で、先端は黒または褐色である[6]。頭部では針の長さは8cmになることもある[6]。長い針からなるたてがみを持つ。四肢は短く、足の裏には毛がない[6]

生態

植物食[6]。夜行性で、単独性強いが、冬には数頭で巣を共有することもある[6]。他のヤマアラシ類に比してよく鳴き、特に求愛期(初冬)には様々な声で鳴く[6]

脚注

  1. ^ Emmons, L. (2016). Erethizon dorsatum. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T8004A22213161. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T8004A22213161.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/8004/22213161 13 November 2021閲覧。. 
  2. ^ 川田伸一郎・岩佐真宏・福井大・新宅勇太・天野雅男・下稲葉さやか・樽創・姉崎智子・横畑泰志 「世界哺乳類標準和名目録」『哺乳類科学』第58巻 別冊、日本哺乳類学会、2018年、1-53頁。
  3. ^ Patterson, Bruce D.; Upham, Nathan S. (2014-12-01). “A newly recognized family from the Horn of Africa, the Heterocephalidae (Rodentia: Ctenohystrica)” (英語). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 172 (4): 942–963. doi:10.1111/zoj.12201. ISSN 0024-4082. 
  4. ^ Martin, Thomas (1994). “African origin of caviomorph rodents is indicated by incisor enamel microstructure” (英語). Paleobiology 20 (1): 5–13. doi:10.1017/S009483730001109X. ISSN 0094-8373. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/african-origin-of-caviomorph-rodents-is-indicated-by-incisor-enamel-microstructure/90388FB456AA0D0E162AAB95B29F6207. 
  5. ^ Bromley, D. (1994年). “Porcupine: Alaska Wildlife Notebook Series”. Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game. April 30, 2009時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2009年5月10日閲覧。
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i ジュリエット・クラットン=ブロック(2005)『ネイチャー・ハンドブック 世界哺乳類図鑑』新樹者, 175頁

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