Sojuz 13

Sojuz 13
Emblema missione
Dati della missione
OperatoreProgramma spaziale sovietico
NSSDC ID1973-103A
SCN06982
Nome veicoloSojuz 7K-T-AF
11F615A8 (numero di serie 33)
VettoreLanciatore Sojuz
11A511
Codice chiamataКавказ
(Kavkas – "Caucaso")
Lancio18 dicembre, 1973
11:55 UTC
Luogo lanciocosmodromo di Bajkonur (rampa Gagarin)
Atterraggio26 dicembre, 1973
08:50:35 UTC
Sito atterraggioKazakistan
Durata7 giorni, 20 ore, 55 minuti e 35 secondi
Proprietà del veicolo spaziale
CostruttoreRKK Ėnergija
Parametri orbitali
Orbitaorbita terrestre bassa
Numero orbite127
Apoapside247 km
Periapside188 km
Apogeo247 km
Perigeo188 km
Periodo88.8 min
Inclinazione51,57°
Equipaggio
Numero2
MembriPëtr Klimuk
Valentin Lebedev
programma Sojuz
Missione precedenteMissione successiva
Sojuz 12 Sojuz 14

Sojuz 13 è stata una missione della navicella spaziale sovietica Sojuz del dicembre 1973. Si trattò del dodicesimo volo equipaggiato di questa capsula nonché del ventiquattresimo volo nell'ambito del programma Sojuz sovietico. Prima di questa missione, però dopo la missione equipaggiata Sojuz 12 venne lanciata quale ulteriore missione di prova la capsula Sojuz priva di equipaggio sotto la denominazione di Cosmos 613.

Equipaggio

Missione

Come per la missione equipaggiata precedente, la Sojuz 12, anche questa missione venne principalmente svolta per testare la seconda generazione delle navicelle spaziali Sojuz. Oltre al controllo dell'affidabilità tecnologica di tutti i sistemi e strumenti di bordo (come per esempio il pilotaggio manuale ed automatico, la navigazione autonoma ecc.) venne eseguita una serie di esperimenti precedentemente iniziati a bordo della stazione spaziale Saljut 1:

  • messa in funzione ed uso di una maggiore telecamera astrofisica denominata "Orion 2" per la registrazione di immagini filmate: apertura 280 mm, lunghezza focale 1400 mm, sistema di telescopio a specchio "Cassegrain" (diverse lunghezze d'onda di frequenza tra 2200 e 3600 Å cioè anche a raggi UV)
  • nell'identico assemblaggio vi fu montato un telescopio a specchio di 70 mm x 450 mm (campo di vista di 9 gradi). Il complesso si poteva posizionare con una precisione pari a 10 secondi d'angolo.
  • questi strumenti vennero impegnati pure per la registrazione di immagini per l'esplorazione terrestre.
  • esperimenti di carattere biomedico (sotto la denominazione di "Oasi 2")

Siccome non fu prevista alcuna manovra d'aggancio per questa missione, la fotocamera astrofisica Orion 2 sopradescritta era stata installata al posto del portellone di aggancio nella sezione del modulo orbitale appositamente così modificato. L'alimentazione con energia venne garantita da appositi pannelli solari.

Voci correlate

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