Serie sommativa unitaria

In matematica, la serie sommativa unitaria, indicata anche come 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + ... è una serie divergente. Essa è rappresentabile mediante sommatoria come

Troncando al termine -esimo si ha:

Talvolta viene utilizzata, in modo informale, la seguente uguaglianza:

Occorre però ricordare che questa uguaglianza non è formalmente corretta fintantoché si considera la definizione usuale di serie infinita, in quanto la serie sommativa unitaria è una serie divergente. Una delle motivazioni di tale scrittura è la seguente: se si considera, informalmente, la serie sommativa unitaria come un caso particolare della funzione zeta di Riemann (valutata nel punto 0)

.

e si utilizza il prolungamento analitico di tale funzione per dimostrare che:

si arriva scrivere Questo ragionamento non è tuttavia corretto in quanto la definizione di in forma di serie non è valida in 0 (e non lo è in generale per tutti i numeri aventi parte reale minore o uguale a 1). Possiamo al massimo dire che esiste un "collegamento indiretto" tra la serie sommativa unitaria (intesa in senso usuale) e il valore -1/2.

Il fisico spagnolo Emilio Elizalde ha raccontato un aneddoto su questa serie:[1]

«In un breve periodo di meno di un anno, due fisici distinti, A. Slavnov e F. Yndurain davano seminari a Barcellona, su diverse materie. Era notevole come in entrambe le presentazioni a un certo punto il relatore precisasse con queste parole: "Come tutti sanno 1 + 1 + 1 + ... = -1/2"; forse intendendo: "Se non lo sai è inutile che continui ad ascoltare".»

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Emilio Elizalde, Cosmology: Techniques and Observations, 20 settembre 2004, p. 8, DOI:10.48550/arXiv.gr-qc/0409076.

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