Regio decreto

Il regio decreto (R.D.), nell'ordinamento giuridico italiano, è un atto normativo avente anche forza di legge, non più emanabile, in quanto adottato dal Consiglio dei ministri e sancito dal Re d'Italia durante il Regno post-unitario.

La disciplina dei regi decreti

Nell'ambito dell'ordinamento del Regno d'Italia, le necessità politiche ed amministrative del Governo avevano spesso indotto lo stesso organo ad emanare attraverso un regio decreto (o decreto reale) norme giuridiche normalmente di competenza del potere legislativo; non essendo tale facoltà contemplata da nessuna legge, restava molto controversa la giurisprudenza in merito all'efficacia giuridica delle relative disposizioni, prima che venissero ratificate dal Parlamento. Solo nel 1926 il Parlamento del Regno approvò una legge, la n. 100 del 31 gennaio (abrogata nel 2010),[1] che regolamentava compiutamente il potere del Governo di emanare norme giuridiche.
In particolare, l'articolo 1 stabilì che erano emanate con Reale decreto, previa deliberazione del Consiglio dei ministri e udito il parere del Consiglio di Stato, le norme giuridiche regolamentari necessarie per disciplinare: a) l'esecuzione delle leggi; b) l'uso delle facoltà spettanti al potere esecutivo; c) l'organizzazione ed il funzionamento delle Amministrazioni dello Stato, l'ordinamento del personale ad esse addetto, l'ordinamento degli Enti ed istituti pubblici, eccettuati i Comuni, le Provincie, le istituzioni pubbliche di beneficenza, le università e gli istituti di istruzione superiore che avessero personalità giuridica, quand'anche si fosse trattato di materie precedentemente regolate per legge.

L'articolo 3 di tale legge distingueva poi altre due ipotesi: il regio decreto legislativo (R.D.Lgs.) e il regio decreto legge (R.D.L.), aventi invece forza di legge. Il primo tipo consisteva in un atto normativo delegato al Governo dal Parlamento, mentre il secondo tipo consisteva in un atto normativo emanato direttamente dal Governo in casi straordinari di assoluta urgenza e necessità, che dovevano poi essere necessariamente presentati a una delle due camere del Parlamento per la conversione in legge, non oltre la terza seduta dopo la sua pubblicazione, a pena di decadenza. Il decreto-legge che entro due anni dalla sua pubblicazione non fosse stato convertito in legge, non era più in vigore dal giorno della scadenza di tale termine.

I regi decreti non abrogati da successive disposizioni e compatibili con la Costituzione repubblicana sono rimasti in vigore anche nell'ordinamento della Repubblica italiana.

Note

  1. ^ LEGGE 31 gennaio 1926, n. 100, su normattiva.it.

Bibliografia

  • A. Magnani, Le leggi fondamentali del regime, I.T.C. di Empoli, 1933.

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