Quaranta martiri di Sebaste

Quaranta Martiri di Sebaste
Icona raffigurante i Quaranta Martiri di Sebaste
 

Martiri

 
NascitaImpero romano, III secolo-IV secolo
MorteSebaste, 320
Venerato daTutte le Chiese che ammettono il culto dei santi
Canonizzazionepre canonizzazione
Ricorrenza9 marzo (Occidente)
10 marzo (Messa tridentina, Oriente)

I Quaranta martiri di Sebaste o Santi Quaranta (in greco Katharevousa: Ἃγιοι Τεσσεράκοντα, demotico Άγιοι Σαράντα) sono dei santi cristiani.

Agiografia

Secondo le tradizioni agiografiche, erano un gruppo di soldati romani appartenenti alla Legio XII Fulminata, martirizzati per la loro fede cristiana nel 320. I Quaranta subirono il martirio presso Sebaste, nell'Armenia Minore, vittime delle persecuzioni di Licinio, scatenate a partire dall'anno 316.

Il più recente resoconto di questo martirio è fornito da Basilio Magno, vescovo di Cesarea (370–379) in un'omelia recitata durante la ricorrenza dei Quaranta Martiri. La loro ricorrenza è dunque più antica dell'episcopato di Basilio, il cui elogio sui santi risalirebbe a circa quaranta o sessant'anni dopo la loro morte.

Resoconto del martirio

Una miniatura dall'evangeliario siriaco, creato nel 1220 ca., presso Mosul che mostra una visibile influenza mongolo-musulmana.

Secondo Basilio, i quaranta soldati, seppure non aventi lo stesso legame di sangue, ma comunque accomunati dalla loro appartenenza alla XII Legione Fulminata, di stanza a Melitene, furono arrestati per la loro fede cristiana. Nonostante l'invito all'abiura, i soldati sostennero la loro fede; furono quindi condannati dal prefetto a essere esposti nudi su uno stagno ghiacciato nelle vicinanze di Sebaste, durante una notte invernale. L'unico dei confessori a non reggere fu Melezio, il quale, dopo aver abbandonato i suoi compagni, trovò rifugio nei bagni caldi, ma a causa dello sbalzo di temperatura morì sul colpo.

Questi i loro nomi[1]:

  1. Acacio
  2. Aezio
  3. Aggia
  4. Alessandro
  5. Atanasio
  6. Candido
  7. Cirillo
  8. Cirione
  9. Claudio
  10. Cudione
  11. Domiziano
  12. Domno
  13. Ecdicio
  14. Eliano
  15. Eraclio
  16. Esichio
  17. Eunoico
  18. Eutichio
  19. Eutico o Aglaio
  20. Filottemone
  21. Flavio
  22. Gaio
  23. Giovanni
  24. Gorgonio
  25. Ile
  26. Leonzio detto Teoctisto
  27. Lisimaco
  28. Melitone
  29. Nicallo
  30. Prisco
  31. Sacerdote
  32. Severiano
  33. Sisinnio
  34. Smaragdo
  35. Teodulo
  36. Teofilo
  37. Xantio
  38. Valente
  39. Valerio
  40. Vicrazio detto Vibiano

Fonti

Note

  1. ^ Santi Quaranta Martiri di Sebaste, in Santi, beati e testimoni - Enciclopedia dei santi, santiebeati.it..

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