Oenanthe aquatica

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Fellandrio
Oenanthe aquatica
Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen (1796)
Stato di conservazione
Rischio minimo[1]
Classificazione APG IV
DominioEukaryota
RegnoPlantae
(clade)Angiosperme
(clade)Mesangiosperme
(clade)Eudicotiledoni
(clade)Eudicotiledoni centrali
(clade)Superasteridi
(clade)Asteridi
(clade)Euasteridi
(clade)Campanulidi
OrdineApiales
FamigliaApiaceae
SottofamigliaApioideae
TribùOenantheae
GenereOenanthe
SpecieO. aquatica
Classificazione Cronquist
DominioEukaryota
RegnoPlantae
DivisioneMagnoliophyta
ClasseMagnoliopsida
OrdineApiales
FamigliaApiaceae
GenereOenanthe
SpecieO. aquatica
Nomenclatura binomiale
Oenanthe aquatica
(L.) Poir., 1798
Sinonimi

Oenanthe phellandrium Lam.
Phellandrium aquaticum L.
Oenanthe gigantea Zumagl.
Ligusticum phellandrium Crantz
Phellandrium divaricatum Gray

Nomi comuni

Finocchio d'acqua
Finocchio palustre
Fasolaria

Il fellandrio (Oenanthe aquatica (L.) Poir., 1798) è una pianta erbacea, perenne, appartenente alla famiglia delle Apiaceae, diffusa in Europa e Asia.[2]

Descrizione

Pianta vivace e verde, glabra, con un'altezza variabile dai 50 cm fino ai 2 m, con caule spesso prostrato, solcato, fistoloso, vuoto all'interno e molto ramoso, portante nei nodi inferiori radici sottilissime ed avventizie.

Le foglie sono 2-3 volte pennatosette, le inferiori nell'acqua a lacinie capillari, le superiori fuori dall'acqua a segmenti ovali, inciso dentati.

I fiori raccolti in ombrelle composte, brevemente peduncolate, per la maggior parte laterali ed opposte alle foglie con 7-10 raggi gracili e striati senza involucro e con involucretti composti di parecchi bratte lineari. Calice con 5 denti accrescenti e persistenti nel frutto, 5 petali disuguali bianchi obovati e smarginati ad apice incurvato, stami più lunghi dei petali.

Il frutto (seme) è di colore bruno, lungo 4–5 mm, fusiforme e glabro, con costole dorsali arrotondate e poco sporgenti coronato da un calice persistente carpoforo bipartito, acheni con 5 costole ottuse con una vitta per ogni vallecola e due sulle facce commessurali. Ha un odore poco gradevole.

Specie simili

Può essere confusa con la Cicuta virosa ma quest'ultima ha un rizoma con lattice giallo e foglie a segmenti più lunghi e seghettati, i frutti più brevi e fortemente compressi ai lati.
A volte può confondersi con la sedanina selvatica o berula a foglie larghe (Sium latifolium) ma questo, ha foglie a segmenti grandi e seghettati, i frutti hanno vitte numerose e piccolissime.

Distribuzione e habitat

L'areale di questa specie si estende dall'Europa sino al Medio Oriente, al Caucaso e alla Siberia.[1]

Predilige ambienti umidi, come fossi o paludi di pianura.

Principi attivi

I semi contengono: olio etereo, difellandrene, bifellandrene, androlo, fellandrale, galattano, mannano, resine, altre sostanze cerose e gommose.[3]

Usi

Le informazioni riportate non sono consigli medici e potrebbero non essere accurate. I contenuti hanno solo fine illustrativo e non sostituiscono il parere medico: leggi le avvertenze.

Tutta la pianta fresca è velenosa, essiccata è innocua. In omeopatia, vengono utilizzati i semi con proprietà tossifughe e per ridurre il catarro bronchiale.[3]

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) Lansdown, R.V. 2014, Oenanthe aquatica, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020. URL consultato il 20 luglio 2024.
  2. ^ (EN) Oenanthe aquatica, su Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. URL consultato il 20 luglio 2024.
  3. ^ a b Giovanni Negri, Erbario Figurato, p. 231.

Bibliografia

  • Giuseppe Lodi, Piante Officinali Italiane, Bologna, Edizioni Agricole Bologna, 1957, p. 791.
  • Giovanni Negri, Erbario Figurato, Milano, Ulrico Hoepli Editore Milano, 1979, p. 459, ISBN 88-203-0279-9.
  • (EN) The British Homoeopathic Society British Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia, 1876, London WC, The British Homoeopathic Society, p. 362, ISBN 978-1-4255-7966-1.

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

  Portale Botanica: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di botanica

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