Nikolai Anderson

Nikolai Karl Adolf Anderson, (1880 a Minsk)

Nikolai Karl Adolf Anderson (Kulina, 24 settembre 1845Narva, 9 marzo 1905) è stato un linguista e filologo tedesco con cittadinanza russa, che si è specializzato in linguistica comparata delle lingue ugrofinniche.

Biografia

Anderson nacque nel villaggio Kulina, vicino alla città di Wesenberg. Dopo aver ricevuto lezioni private a San Pietroburgo[1] frequentò il Gouvernements-Gymnasium in Reval[1] e nel 1865 si iscrive presso l'Università di Dorpat per studiare filologia,[2] dove fu l'allievo di Leo Meyer, che nello stesso anno fu nominato professore dell'università di germanistica e filologia comparata.[3] Durante gli studi universitari si interessò delle lingue ugro-finniche, dal quale in poco tempo divenne suo pioniere.

Nel 1871 Anderson lavorò come insegnante presso il Gymnasium di Dorpat, prima di assumere l'incarico di insegnante di lingue classiche presso il Ginnasio di Minsk (oggi in Bielorussia) nel 1872,[2] ma nel frattempo continuò anche i suoi studi sulle lingue ugrofinniche. Nel 1874, si sposò e fece tre figli: Wilhelm Anderson (nato 1880),[4] Walter Anderson (nato 1885)[5] e Oskar Anderson (nato 1887)[6].

Nel 1876 presentò i risultati della sua ricerca – confrontando le lingue ugrofinniche con le lingue indo-germaniche – presso l'Università di Tartu, per il quale gli fu anche conferita la laurea in filologia comparata.

Sempre lavorando come insegnante a Minsk, nel 1891 conseguì una laurea Magister in linguistica comparativa.[3] Nel 1892 il suo mentore Leo Meyer lo nominò membro onorario della società estone Learned (Gelehrte estnische Gesellschaft),[3] e membro corrispondente dal 1871.[7]

Nel gennaio 1894 gli fu offerto una cattedra in lingue ugrofinniche presso l'Università di Kazan' (Russia) per sostituire Mihkel Veske[8]. Ricoprì anche ruolo come Статский советник (nobile personale della gerarchia imperiale russa).[3]

Nel 1898 Anderson si ammalò di una malattia nervosa dal quale fu ricoverato in ospedale di Turtu per diversi mesi. Nel 1904 si ammalò di nuovo, dal quale si ricoverò di nuovo. La malattia cominciò a migliorare solo nei primi mesi del 1905, che lo permise di fare una visita a sua sorella a Narva, dove però si ammalò di pleurite e morì poco dopo.[3] Anderson è stato sepolto con i suoi genitori in Kingisepp.[3]

Opere

Nella sua opera, Anderson non solo rispetto diverse lingue ugro-finniche, ma anche sostenuto per una relazione genetica tra ugrofinnica e lingue indo-germaniche, facendo di lui uno dei primi studiosi ad indagare i possibili collegamenti tra questi due famiglie linguistiche.[9] Al momento della sua morte, Anderson è stato l'unico professore di lingue ugro-finniche nell'impero russo.

Onorificenze

Note

  1. ^ a b H. Hradetzky, Schüler-Verzeichnis des Revalschen Gouvernements-Gymnasiums: 1805-1890, Reval/Tallinn, Kluge & Ströhm, 1931, p. 151.
  2. ^ a b A. Hasselblatt e G. Otto, Album academicum der Kaiserlichen Universität Dorpat, Dorpat, Verlag C. Mattiesen, 1889, p. 586.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Wolfgang Schlüter, Nekrolog: Prof. Mag. Nikolai Anderson (Obituary), in Sitzungsberichte der gelehrten estnischen Gesellschaft zu Dorpat 1905, Sitzungsberichte der Gelehrten Estnischen Gesellschaft, Gelehrte Estnische Gesellschaft (Dorpat), 1906, pp. XII–XVI.
  4. ^ Anderson, Walter Arthur Alexander, in BBLd – Baltisches Biographisches Lexikon digital, Göttingen, Baltische Historische Kommission, 2012.
  5. ^ Anderson, Walter Arthur Alexander, in BBLd – Baltisches Biographisches Lexikon digital, Göttingen, Baltische Historische Kommission, 2012.
  6. ^ Eugene William Seneta, Oskar Anderson, in StatProb: The Encyclopedia Sponsored by Statistics and Probability Societies, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2010 (archiviato dall'url originale il 29 ottobre 2013).
  7. ^ Bernhard Munkácsi, Nikolai Anderson, in Keleti Szemle, vol. 6, 1905, pp. 180–181.
  8. ^ Emil Nestor Setälä, † Nikolai Anderson, in Anzeiger der Finnisch-ugrischen Forschungen, vol. 5, 1905, pp. 187–189.
  9. ^ Holger Pedersen, Linguistic Science in the Nineteenth Century: Methods and Results, translated by John Webster Spargo, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1931.
  10. ^ (DE) Inland, in Rigasche Zeitung, vol. 38, n. 2, Riga, 25 marzo 1881. URL consultato il 6 settembre 2015 (archiviato dall'url originale il 6 ottobre 2014).
  11. ^ a b c d (RU) Формулярный списокь (service record): Николай Андерсон (Nikolai Anderson), in Oskar Nikolaevich Anderson (1907-1912), St. Petersburg, Archives of the Petrograd Polytechnical Institute of the Emperor Peter the Great in the Central State Historical Archives of St. Petersburg, pp. 9–18. URL consultato il 15 giugno 2016 (archiviato dall'url originale il 5 marzo 2016).

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