Melania l'anziana

Santa Melania l'anziana

Patrizia romana e monaca

 
NascitaRoma, 350
MorteGerusalemme, 410 circa
Venerata daTutte le Chiese che ammettono il culto dei santi
Ricorrenza26 gennaio[1] o 8 giugno[2][3]

Melania l'anziana, detta anche Melania Seniore (Roma, 350Gerusalemme, 410 circa), fu una patrizia romana che, rimasta vedova, fondò un monastero presso Gerusalemme.

È venerata come santa da tutte le Chiese che ammettono il culto dei santi.

Biografia

Figlia del console Marcellino[4] e vedova di un prefetto romano[5], era la madre di Valerio Publicola, patrizio romano della gens Valeria, ricchissimo possidente con estese proprietà a Roma, in Sicilia, in Spagna, in Gallia, in Aquitania, in Bretagna e in Africa settentrionale e padre di Melania la giovane.

Dopo aver perduto il marito e due figli[6] verso il 365, si ritirò in Terra santa. Ella visitò il deserto egiziano insieme a Tirannio Rufino[7] e fondò un monastero doppio sul Monte degli Ulivi a Gerusalemme[5], che ospitò Evagrio Pontico intorno al 383. Rufino tornerà nel 377 a Gerusalemme per vedersi affidata da Melania la parte maschile del monastero da lei fondato.[7]

A Gerusalemme ella incontrò Evagrio Pontico (346-399)[8] e lo convinse a intraprendere la vita monastica.

Verso il 402 Melania tornò presso i suoi.

Nel 410, al tempo delle grandi invasioni dei goti di Alarico,[9] si trasferì definitivamente, con la famiglia della nipote Melania la giovane, in Terra santa. Quest'ultima migliorerà ed amplierà il monastero fondato dalla nonna, rendendolo famoso.

Nel corso del suo peregrinare, Melania incontrò Sofronio Eusebio Girolamo e Palladio di Galazia, che ne fece gli elogi.

Note

  1. ^ Nominis
  2. ^ Mario Sgarbossa, I Santi e i Beati della Chiesa d'Occidente e d'Oriente, II edizione, Edizioni Paoline, Milano, 2000, ISBN 88-315-1585-3, p. 326
  3. ^ (DE) J.Schäfer, Melania von Rom "die Ältere", su Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon, 2017. URL consultato il 31 dicembre 2017 (archiviato dall'url originale il 14 giugno 2017).
  4. ^ Hieronymus, Chronicon a. 374 p. Chr.
  5. ^ a b (FR) Thalita Koum Consultato il 4 aprile 2011
  6. ^ (FR) Une « route de femmes » Caritas Patrum: Une route de femmes Archiviato il 3 marzo 2016 in Internet Archive.

    «Ma perché rimuginare vecchie storie? Siano dunque gli esempi attuali: guardate santa Melania, autentica nobiltà dei cristiani della nostra epoca… Il cadavere del marito era ancora caldo, non era ancora stato inumato che lei perse anche due figli. Io vi racconterò un fatto incredibile ma non per questo falso, me ne è testimone il Cristo. Che, in tale situazione, non l'avreste immaginata fuori di sé, i capelli sparsi, stracciarsi le vesti e lacerarsi il petto con frenesia? Non una lacrima scese [dai suoi occhi]. Ella tenne duro senza lamentarsi… dopo aver ceduto tutti i beni che possedeva all'unico figlio rimastole e, nonostante fosse già l'inizio dell'inverno, s'imbarcò per Gerusalemme

  7. ^ a b (FR) Universalis Consultato il 4 aprile 2011
  8. ^ (FR) Association Culturelle Arménienne de Marne-la-Vallée (France)- Évagre le Pontique
  9. ^ Nominis Consultato il 4 aprile 2011

Bibliografia

  • Francesca Allegri,Sante prime donne libere, Carmignani editrice, 2021

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

  • (ES) Melania l'anziana, in Diccionario biográfico español, Real Academia de la Historia. Modifica su Wikidata
  • (FR) Alan D. Booth, Melanie l'Ancienne, Saint Martin, Melanie la Jeune, Phoenix, Vol. 37, No. 2 (Summer, 1983), pp. 144–151, vedi: JSTOR[collegamento interrotto]
Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN316751489 · CERL cnp00284166 · LCCN (ENno2016055083 · GND (DE102388466 · BNE (ESXX1781644 (data) · J9U (ENHE987007349357305171

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