Indice di povertà umana

L'Indice di povertà umana (IPU) fu introdotto dalle Nazioni Unite per integrare lo strumento dell'Indice di sviluppo umano (ISU) e usato, per la prima volta, parte del Rapporto sullo sviluppo umano nel 1997.[1] Nel 2010 è stato sostituito dall'Indice multidimensionale di povertà.

L'HPI si concentra sulla deprivazione di tre parametri essenziali della vita umana, già presi in considerazione dallo Indice di sviluppo umano: speranza di vita, istruzione e standard di vita.

Paesi in via di sviluppo (IPU-1)

Il sito Rapporto sullo sviluppo umano riassume l'IPU come "a composite index measuring deprivations in the three basic dimensions captured in the human development index — a long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living" (un indice composito che misura la deprivazione di tre dimensioni essenziali già catturate dell'ISU: una lunga vita in salute, conoscenza, uno standard di vita dignitoso). In formula:

  • HPI-1 =

: Probabilità di non sopravvivenza fino a 40 anni (moltiplicato per 100)
: Analfabetismo funzionale
: Media non pesata della popolazione senza acqua e bambini sottopeso
: 3

Per paesi selezionati OECD (IPU-2)

Il sito del Rapporto sullo sviluppo umano sintetizza la sua definizione come: "A composite index measuring deprivations in the four basic dimensions captured in the human development index — a long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living — and also capturing social exclusion" (un indice composito che misura la deprivazione di 4 dimensioni essenziali già catturate dell'ISU: una vita longeva e in salute, conoscenza, un dignitoso standard di vita, ma che cattura anche l'esclusione sociale.

In formula:

  • HPI-2 =

: Probabilità di non sopravvivenza fino a 60 anni (times 100)
: Analfabetismo funzionale
: Popolazione sotto la linea di povertà (50% of median adjusted household disposable income)
: Disoccupazione a lungo termine (ultimi 12 mesi)
: 3

L'ultimo[non chiaro] resoconto, relativo al 2007–2008, presenta 22 paesi con Indice di sviluppo umano elevato:

Posizione Nazione IPU-2 Sopravvivenza a 60 anni (%) Analfabetismo funzionale (%) Disoccupazione a lungo termine (%) Popolazione sotto il 50% del reddito medio (%)
1 Svezia (bandiera) Svezia 6,3 6,7 7,5 1,1 6,5
2 Norvegia (bandiera) Norvegia 6,8 7,9 7,9 0,5 6,4
3 Paesi Bassi (bandiera) Paesi Bassi 8,1 8,3 10,5 1,8 7,3
4 Finlandia (bandiera) Finlandia 8,1 9,4 10,4 1,8 5,4
5 Danimarca (bandiera) Danimarca 8,2 10,3 9,6 0,8 5,6
6 Germania (bandiera) Germania 10,3 8,6 14,4 5,8 8,4
7 Svizzera (bandiera) Svizzera 10,7 7,2 15,9 1,5 7,6
8 Canada (bandiera) Canada 10,9 8,1 14,6 0,5 11,4
9 Lussemburgo (bandiera) Lussemburgo 11,1 9,2 - 1,2 6,0
10 Austria (bandiera) Austria 11,1 8,8 - 1,3 7,7
11 Francia (bandiera) Francia 11,2 8,9 - 4,1 7,3
12 Giappone (bandiera) Giappone 11,7 6,9 - 1,3 11,8
13 Australia (bandiera) Australia 12,1 7,3 17,0 0,9 12,2
14 Belgio (bandiera) Belgio 12,4 9,3 18,4 4,6 8,0
15 Spagna (bandiera) Spagna 12,5 7,7 - 2,2 14,2
16 Regno Unito (bandiera) Regno Unito 14,8 8,7 21,8 1,2 12,5
17 Stati Uniti (bandiera) Stati Uniti 15,4 11,6 20,0 0,4 17,0
18 Irlanda (bandiera) Irlanda 16,0 8,7 22,6 1,5 16,2
19 Italia (bandiera) Italia 29,8 7,7 47.0 3,4 12,7

Non in lista: Islanda, Nuova Zelanda e Liechtenstein.

Note

  1. ^ Copia archiviata (PDF), su hdr.undp.org. URL consultato il 2 febbraio 2007 (archiviato dall'url originale il 25 gennaio 2007).

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