Gaumont

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Gaumont
Logo
Logo
StatoFrancia (bandiera) Francia
Forma societariaSocietà anonima
Borse valoriEuronext: GAM
Fondazione1895
Fondata daLéon Gaumont
Sede principaleNeuilly-sur-Seine
Persone chiave
Settoreintrattenimento
Prodottiproduzioni cinematografiche
Fatturato4 milioni di € (2005)
Sito webwww.gaumont.com

Gaumont è una storica casa di produzione cinematografica francese fondata nel 1895 dall'ingegnere-inventore Léon Gaumont. È al momento riconosciuta come una delle migliori case di produzione cinematografiche francesi.

Storia

Fondata in origine per occuparsi di apparecchiature fotografiche, la società iniziò a produrre cortometraggi nel 1897 per promuovere un proiettore di propria produzione. La segretaria di Gaumont, Alice Guy Blaché, diventò così la prima regista donna dell'industria cinematografica. Dal 1905 al 1914 gli studi "Cité Elgé" (nome che derivava dalla normale pronuncia francese delle iniziali del fondatore, L-G) a La Villette furono i più grandi del mondo. La società produceva in proprio anche le attrezzature e realizzò una grande quantità di film fino al 1907. La direzione artistica della compagnia passò quindi nelle mani di Louis Feuillade. Allo scoppio della prima guerra mondiale venne sostituito da Léonce Perret, che proseguì la propria carriera negli Stati Uniti pochi anni più tardi.

Tra i primi film di rilievo prodotti si ricordano i serial Judex e Fantômas, le serie comiche con Ernest Bourbon e Bébé con Renè Dary e i cinegiornali. In diversi momenti lavorarono per la casa registi come Abel Gance, Alfred Hitchcock e il pioniere dell'animazione Émile Cohl.

La Gaumont aprì delle sedi all'estero acquisendo la catena di sale Gaumont British che in seguito produsse diversi film di Hitchcock come Il club dei trentanove (1935) e La signora scompare (1938). Insieme ai grandi concorrenti della Pathé, la Gaumont dominò l'industria cinematografica europea fino allo scoppio della prima guerra mondiale. Nel dopoguerra, oltre ad aver perso numerose posizioni a causa della fortissima concorrenza delle produzioni statunitensi, la casa subì altri duri colpi dai cambiamenti tecnologici in atto (soprattutto l'avvento del sonoro) e dal periodo di depressione economica, finendo per fondersi con la Franco-Film Aubert all'inizio degli anni trenta.

La Gaumont è tuttora una casa di produzione indipendente ed è riconosciuta come uno dei maggiori produttori e distributori francesi, realizzando pellicole di grande successo come Léon e Il quinto elemento.

Produce anche programmi televisivi tra cui varie serie di cartoni animati.

Dal 2004 al 2007 la società ha avuto un accordo con la Sony per produrre e distribuire insieme film sia per le sale che per il mercato home video. Insieme alla Pathe gestisce sale cinematografiche di sua proprietà su tutto il territorio francese.

Nel 2008 ha acquisito lo studio di animazione francese Alphanim ribattezzandolo Gaumont-Alphanim.

Attualmente la Gaumont distribuisce in Francia i propri film per l'home video grazie ad un accordo con la Paramount Pictures.

Gestisce anche dei cinema multisala, dal nome omonimo, presso il parco divertimenti Disneyland Paris e presso il complesso Aquaboulevard, nel XV arrondissement di Parigi.

Gaumont International Television

Nel 2011, Gaumont ha creato la sua divisione statunitense, la Gaumont International Television, che ha prodotto nel corso degli ultimi anni, diverse serie televisive di successo:

Simbolo

Léon Gaumont scelse la margherita come simbolo della compagnia come omaggio a sua madre il cui nome era, appunto, Marguerite. La margherita, pur dopo essere passata attraverso numerose rivisitazioni grafiche, è ancora oggi il simbolo della società.

Bibliografia

  • Philippe BINANT, Au cœur de la projection numérique, Actions, 29, 12-13, Kodak, Paris, 2007.
  • Marie-Sophie CORCY, Jacques MALTHÊTE, Laurent MANNONI, Jean-Jacques MEUSY, Les Premières Années de la société L. Gaumont et Cie, Afrhc, Bibliothèque du Film, Gaumont, Paris, 1999.
  • François GARÇON, Gaumont. Un siècle de cinéma, Gallimard, Paris, 1992.
  • Philippe d'HUGUES et Dominique MULLER, Gaumont, 90 ans de cinéma, Editions Ramsay, Cinémathèque Française, Paris, 1986.
  • Nicolas SEYDOUX, Cent ans de réflexions, Cent ans de cinéma, 6-15, Gaumont, Neuilly-sur-Seine, 1995.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN172540966 · ISNI (EN0000 0001 2265 3959 · LCCN (ENn87816835 · BNF (FRcb12209507r (data) · J9U (ENHE987007604259405171

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