Broch di Mousa

Broch di Mousa
(EN) Broch of Mousa/Mousa Broch
Veduta in lontananza della torre
Utilizzo?
Epoca300 - 100 a.C. ca.
Localizzazione
StatoRegno Unito (bandiera) Regno Unito
ConteaIsole Shetland
Dimensioni
Altezza13
Amministrazione
Visitabilesì
Mappa di localizzazione
Map
Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale

Il broch di Mousa (in inglese: Broch of Mousa o Mousa Broch) è una torre preistorica dell'isola scozzese di Mousa, nelle Shetland, risalente a un periodo probabilmente compreso tra il 300 e il 100 a.C.[1][2][3] (Età del ferro). Si tratta del broch dell'età del ferro meglio conservato[3][4][5], nonché di una delle strutture preistoriche meglio conservate d'Europa[2].

Il sito è gestito dallo Historic Environment Scotland.[3][5]

Storia

Si suppone che il broch sia stato realizzato in due fasi: nella prima fase, venne probabilmente realizzata una struttura in legno circondata da mura, che in seguito sarebbe stata sostituita dall'attuale struttura in pietra.[1]

Il broch di Mousa fu citato in due saghe nordiche.[1][2][3] La prima di queste due è la Saga degli uomini delle Orcadi (Orkneyinga Saga), redatta nel 1153, dove si racconta che lo jarl Haraldr Maddadsson assediò il broch per liberare la madre che era stata rapita sull'isola[2][4][3]; la seconda è la Saga di Egill (Egils saga), redatta tra il 1220 e il 1240 ca., dove si racconta che una coppia trovò riparo all'interno del broch dopo che la loro barca era naufragata durante una fuga dall'Islanda alla Norvegia[3].

Nel 1774, fu realizzato il primo disegno del broch di Mousa, a opera di George Law.[3]

Nel corso del XIX secolo, il broch fu visitato da vari archeologi.[2] Sempre nel corso del XIX secolo, segnatamente nel 1814, il broch venne visitato dallo scrittore Walter Scott.[2] Il broch di Mousa fu quindi descritto per la prima volta in modo accurato tra il 1852 e il 1866 da Sir Henry Dryden.[3]

Nel 1861 fu attuata un'opera di restauro della torre[3], nel corso della quale furono rinvenute delle pentole in pietra e argilla[3] e delle ossa di lontra[1]. Il broch venne in seguito ricostruito tra il 1967 e il 1980.[3]

Architettura

L'entrata del broch
L'interno del broch

Il broch di Mousa si erge su una scogliera che si affaccia sul Mousa Sound.[2]

Il broch è alto 40/42piedi[1][2][3] (13 metri[4][6]) e ha un diametro di 15 metri[6][7]. Alla base è circondato da mura dello spessore di 15 piedi.[1][3]

La torre possiede una sola entrata[2] e al primo piano si trova un corridoio della lunghezza di 16 piedi[2]. All'interno del broch si trovano sei gallerie[2] e due pavimenti in legno[4].

Note

  1. ^ a b c d e f (EN) Broch of Mousa, su Atlas Obscura. URL consultato il 23 novembre 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k (EN) Ross, David, Broch of Mousa, su Britain Express. URL consultato il 23 novembre 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m (EN) Georgieva, Marija, The Broch of Mousa is the best-preserved Iron Age broch in Scotland, in The Vintage News, 15 aprile 2017. URL consultato il 23 novembre 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d (EN) Broch of Mousa, su Shetland Heritage. URL consultato il 23 novembre 2019.
  5. ^ a b (EN) Mousa Broch, su Historic Environment Scotland. URL consultato il 23 novembre 2019.
  6. ^ a b Broch di Mousa, su ViaMichelin. URL consultato il 23 novembre 2019 (archiviato dall'url originale il 23 novembre 2019).
  7. ^ (EN) Mousa Broch, su Undiscovered Scotland. URL consultato il 23 novembre 2019.

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