Abbazia di Corvey

Abbazia di Corvey
Abbazia di Corvey - Stemma
Abbazia di Corvey - Localizzazione
Abbazia di Corvey - Localizzazione
Dati amministrativi
Nome completoPrincipato Abbaziale di Corvey
Nome ufficialeFürstäbte zu Corvey
Lingue ufficialitedesco, latino
CapitaleHoxter
Dipendente da Sacro Romano Impero
Politica
Forma di StatoMonarchia elettiva
Forma di governoTeocrazia
Nascita1203 con Witukindo von Spiegel zum Desenberg
CausaDerivazione dal Regno dei Franchi orientali
Fine1794 con Johann Karl Theodor von Brabeck
CausaElevazione a principato-vescovile
Territorio e popolazione
Massima estensione275 km² nel 1800
Popolazione10.000 nel 1800
Economia
ValutaTallero di Corvey
Religione e società
Religioni preminentiCattolicesimo
Religioni minoritarieProtestantesimo, ebraismo
Evoluzione storica
Preceduto da Diocesi di Paderborn
Succeduto da Principato vescovile di Corvey
 Bene protetto dall'UNESCO
Westwerk carolingio e Civitas di Corvey
 Patrimonio dell'umanità
TipoCulturali
Criterio(ii) (iii) (iv)
PericoloNon in pericolo
Riconosciuto dal2014
Scheda UNESCO(EN) Carolingian Westwork and Civitas Corvey
(FR) Scheda
Il Westwerk della Chiesa dei Santi Stefano e Vito

L'abbazia di Corvey (in tedesco: Fürstabtei Corvey, cioè "abbazia principesca di Corvey", in italiano arcaico Corweja[1]) era un'abbazia benedettina situata lungo il fiume Weser (nei pressi di Höxter, nell'odierna Renania Settentrionale-Vestfalia), facente parte della diocesi di Paderborn.

Rappresenta il più antico esempio ancora conservato di westwerk e la più antica struttura medievale della Vestfalia.[2]

Storia

Venne fondata nell'822 dai monaci di Corbie, in Piccardia (deriva il suo nome dal latino Corbeia Nova, cioè "Nuova Corbie"), per iniziativa dell'imperatore Ludovico il Pio e dell'abate Adelardo. La prima pietra venne posizionata nell'844, anno in cui ebbe luogo la consacrazione.

Anscario (noto anche come Oscar di Brema), poi arcivescovo di Brema e di Amburgo, vi fondò una Scuola che divenne uno dei principali centri culturali dell'Europa del IX - X secolo.

L'abate di Corvey ebbe dal 1203 il titolo di principe del Sacro Romano Impero e il monastero fu eretto a vescovato nel 1792: attorno al XV secolo iniziò il suo lento declino.

Venne secolarizzata nel 1803 e ceduta come principato alla Casa d'Orange-Nassau. Fu poi annessa al Regno di Vestfalia, costituito da Napoleone I per suo fratello, Girolamo Bonaparte, e quindi al regno di Prussia.

Nel 1821 con la bolla De salute animarum venne soppressa anche la diocesi e il suo territorio riassorbito dalla diocesi di Paderborn.

Descrizione

L'abbazia ha una pianta quadrata. Nel piano inferiore si trova l'atrio sorretto da spesse colonne. I due piani superiori comprendono entrambi una grande sala, dov'era situato il trono.

All'esterno abbiamo il Westwerk, l'invenzione dell'architettura carolingia, ovvero il corpo occidentale che serra la facciata occidentale con torri molto alte per accedere alla tribuna, dove avevano luogo la liturgia e le cerimonie che coinvolgevano l'imperatore. Sempre nel Westwerk si trovano le reliquie dei santi e dei martiri.

Abati di Corvey (822-1792)

  • Adalardo di Corbie 822–826 (della dinastia dei Carolingi)
  • Wala 826–831 (della dinastia dei Carolingi)
  • Guerino I di Sassonia 831–856 (della dinastia dei Carolingi e della famiglia degli Ecbertini)
  • Adalgardo 856–877
  • Tankmaro 877–879 (della dinastia dei Liudolfingi)
  • Avo 877–879
  • Bovo I 879–890 (della famiglia degli Ecbertini)
  • Gottschalk 890–900
  • Bovo II 900–916 (della famiglia degli Ecbertini)
  • Volkmar I 916–942
  • Bovo III 942–948 (della famiglia degli Ecbertini)
  • Gerberno 949–965
  • Ludolfo (Luidolfo) 965–983
  • Dietmar I di Walbeck 983–1001
  • Hosed 1001–1010
  • Walo 1011–1015
  • Druthmar 1015–1046
  • Rudhard 1046–1050
  • Arnoldo I di Falkenberg 1051–1055
  • Saracho di Rossdorf 1056–1071
  • Guerino II 1071–1079
  • Federico di Hoya 1080–1082
  • Marquardo 1082–1106
  • Erchenberto di Homburg 1107–1128
  • Volkmar II di Bömeneburg 1129–1138
  • Adalberto di Baviera 1138–1144
  • Enrico I di Bömeneburg-Nordheim 1144–1146
  • Enrico II 1146
  • Wibald de Pré 1146–1158
  • Corrado 1174–1189
  • Witukindo von Spiegel zum Desenberg 1189–1205
  • Dietmar II di Stockhausen 1206–1216
  • Ippolito di Lüdhorst 1216–1223
  • Ermanno I di Holte 1223–1254
  • Timo 1254–1275
  • Enrico III di Homburg 1275–1306
  • Roberto di Horhausen 1306–1336
  • Teodorico I di Dalwigk 1336–1359
  • Enrico IV von Spiegel zum Desenberg 1359–1360
  • Rinaldo I di Dalwigk 1360–1369
  • Ernesto di Braunschweig 1369–1371
  • Bodo di Pyrmont 1371–1395
  • Teodorico II di Runst 1395–1396
  • Arnoldo II di Wolf 1396–1398
  • Wilbrando di Hallermund 1398–1408, † 1436
  • Teodorico III di Runst 1408–1417
  • Moritz von Spiegelberg 1417–1435
  • Arnoldo III von der Malsburg 1435–1463
  • Ermanno II di Stockhausen 1463–1479
  • Hermann III von Bömelberg 1479–1504
  • Franz Ketteler 1504–1547
  • Gaspare I von Hörsel 1547–1555
  • Rinaldo II von Buchholz 1555–1585
  • Teodorico IV von Beringhausen 1585–1616
  • Enrico V von Aschenbrock 1616–1624
  • Joseph Christoph von Brambach 1624–1638
  • Arnoldo IV de Valdois 1638–1661
  • Christoph Bernhard von Galen 1661–1678
  • Christoph von Bellinghausen 1678–1696
  • Florenz von Welden 1696–1714
  • Maximilian von Horrich 1714–1721
  • Karl von Plittersdorf 1722–1737
  • Gaspare II von Böselager-Hohneburg 1737–1758
  • Philipp von Spiegel zum Desenberg 1758–1776
  • Johann Karl Theodor von Brabeck 1776–1792
Elevata a Vescovato

Vescovi di Corvey (1792-1802)

Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Diocesi di Corvey.
Secolarizzato e passato al Principato di Nassau-Dietz della casata di Orange-Nassau

Principato di Corvey (1803-1807)

Principato titolare di Corvey (1840-1919)

Il Principato di Corvey a livello titolare venne ricreato nella monarchia prussiana per i Principi di Hohenlohe-Schillingfurst del ramo dei Duchi di Ratibor:

Capi del casato di Ratibor dopo la prima guerra mondiale (1919-attuale)

Note

  1. ^ Geografia de’ Fanciulli[...] traduzione italiana, edizione accresciuta (1771), In Venezia Appresso Pietro Savioni, G. D’Anna Editore, 1996, p. 20.
  2. ^ Carolingian Westwork and Civitas Corvey, su UNESCO World Heritage Centre, United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. URL consultato il 17 settembre 2022.

Bibliografia

  • Joachim Poeschke (Hg.): Sinopien und Stuck im Westwerk der karolingischen Klosterkirche von Corvey. Rhema-Verlag, Münster 2002, ISBN 978-3-930454-34-1

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN300639412 · LCCN (ENno2001006314 · GND (DE2071959-0 · J9U (ENHE987007484782505171

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