Udang (makanan)

Udang beku
Udang kukus

Udang merupakan salah satu boga bahari yang banyak dikonsumsi di seluruh dunia. Dalam dunia hewan, udang masuk ke dalam ordo decapoda dan banyak dibudidayakan secara komersial dalam budi daya perairan.[1]

Udang bersama dengan kerang merupakan salah satu penyebab alergi yang utama.[2] Umat Yahudi menganggap udang sebagai makanan non-kosher.[3] Berdasarkan Kitab Perjanjian Lama Versi Raja James, diperbolehkan memakan ikan bersirip namun udang disebut sebagai shiqquwts (abomination) dan tidak boleh dimakan.[4] Dalam Islam, mahzhab Syafi', Maliki, dan Hanbali memperbolehkan memakan udang, tetapi Hanafi tidak. Dalam Syiah, mahzhab Ja'fari juga tidak mengizinkannya.

Nutrisi

Udang mentah (spesies beragam)
Nilai nutrisi per 100 g (3,5 oz)
Energi297 kJ (71 kcal)
0.91 g
1.01 g
Jenuh0.115 g
Tak jenuh tunggal0.080 g
13.61 g
VitaminKuantitas
%AKG
Vitamin A180 SI
Vitamin D
0%
2 SI
MineralKuantitas
%AKG
Kalsium
5%
54 mg
Zat besi
2%
0.21 mg
Magnesium
6%
22 mg
Fosfor
35%
244 mg
Potasium
2%
113 mg
Sodium
38%
566 mg
Seng
10%
0.97 mg
Komponen lainnyaKuantitas
Air83.01 g
Kolesterol0.0013 g
Persen AKG berdasarkan rekomendasi Amerika Serikat untuk orang dewasa.
Sumber: USDA FoodData Central

Udang mengandung omega-3 dalam jumlah besar dan kadar merkuri yang rendah.[5] Dan seperti boga bahari lainnya, udang mengandung kalsium, iodium, dan protein tinggi namun total kalori yang rendah. Udang juga mengandung kolesterol dalam jumlah yang signifikan, antara 122 hingga 251 mg per 100 gram.[6] Konsumsi udang dikatakan dapat menyehatkan sistem sirkulasi dalam tubuh karena kadar lemak jenuh yang rendah sehingga kolesterol dalam udang bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan rasio LDL terhadap HDL dan menurunkan kadar trigliserida dalam darah.[7] Kandungan asam amino pada udang mengalami penurunan setelah perebusan.[8]

Perbandingan kadar merkuri dalam boga bahari[9]
Spesies kadar (ppm), nilai tengah
Todak 0.995
Hiu 0.979
Tuna mata besar 0.689 Segar dan beku
Kerapu 0.448 semua spesies
Dissostichus eleginoides 0.354
Hippoglossus 0.241
Ikan bass 0.152
Kod 0.111
Ikan mas 0.110
Lobster amerika 0.107
Herring 0.084
Kepiting 0.065 Callinectes sapidus, kepiting raja dan kepiting salju
Haddock 0.055 Atlantik
Mugilidae 0.050
Pollachius 0.031
Lele 0.025
Cumi 0.023
Salmon * 0.022 segar dan beku
Teri 0.017
Sarden 0.013
Ikan nila * 0.013
Tiram 0.012
Kerang * 0.009
Salmon * 0.008 dalam kaleng
Scallop 0.003
Udang * 0.001
* yang dianalisis hanya keberadaan senyawa metilmerkuri

Referensi

  1. ^ "Shrimp Aquaculture and the Environment - An Environment Impact Assessment Report, chapter 2; IAA report" (PDF). Indian Aquaculture Authority. 2001. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2011-07-16. Diakses tanggal 2014-04-18. 
  2. ^ "Common Food Allergens". Food Allergy & Anaphylaxis Network. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-06-13. Diakses tanggal June 24, 2007. 
  3. ^ Yoreh De'ah - Shulchan-Aruch Diarsipkan 2012-06-03 di Wayback Machine. Chapter 1, torah.org. Diakses 17 Juni 2012.
  4. ^ "All that are in the waters: all that... hath not fins and scales ye may not eat" (Deuteronomy 14:9-10) and are "an abomination" (Leviticus 11:9-12).
  5. ^ Smith KL and Guentzel JL (2010) "Mercury concentrations and omega-3 fatty acids in fish and shrimp: Preferential consumption for maximum health benefits" Marine Pollution Bulletin, 60 (9): 1615–1618. DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.06.045,
  6. ^ "Cholesterol Content in Seafoods". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2006-12-20. Diakses tanggal January 7, 2007. 
  7. ^ Elizabeth R. De Oliveira e Silva, Cynthia E. Seidman, Jason J. Tian, Lisa C. Hudgins, Frank M. Sacks & Jan L. Breslow (1996). "Effects of shrimp consumption on plasma lipoproteins" (PDF). American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 64 (5): 712–717. PMID 8901790. 
  8. ^ Jacoeb, Agoes M.; Cakti, Narendra Wisnu; Nurjanah (2008). "Perubahan Komposisi Protein dan Asam Amino Daging Udang Ronggeng (Harpiosquilla raphidea) Akibat Perebusan". Buletin Teknologi Hasil Perikanan IPB. 
  9. ^ Mercury Levels in Commercial Fish and Shellfish (1990–2010) U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Diakses 8 Januari 2012.

Pranala luar

Video luar
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