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Sejarah anarkisme adalah istilah yang ambigu, sama seperti anarkisme itu sendiri. Para ahli kesulitan untuk mendefinisikan apa yang dimaksud anarkisme dan sejarahnya. Ada berbagai pandangan tentang hal ini, mulai dari anarkisme menjadi gerakan yang jelas pada abad ke-19 dan ke-20, sementara lainnya mengidentifikasikan sifat-sifat anarkis jauh sebelum peradaban pertama ada.

Komunitas prasejarah ada tanpa hierarki formal, sama seperti prinsip-prinsip anarkis. Jejak pertama pemikiran anarkis dapat ditemukan di Yunani dan Cina Kuno di mana banyak filsuf yang mempermasalahkan kebutuhan akan negara dan menyatakan hak moral individu yang memutuskan bagi mereka sendiri. Selama Abad Pertengahan, beberapa sekte agama mendukung pemikiran libertarian. dan pada Zaman Pencerahan, bangkitnya rasionalisme dan sains menandakan lahirnya gerakan anarkis modern.

Anarkisme modern adalah bagian penting dari gerakan pekerja pada akhir abad ke-19. Modernisme, industrialisasi, reaksi terhadap kapitalisme, dan migrasi massal membantu anarkisme berkembang dan menyebar ke seluruh dunia. Kecenderungan utama anarkisme sebagai gerakan sosial telah diwakili oleh anarko-kolektivisme, anarko-komunisme dan anarko-sindikalisme, dengan anarkisme individualis menjadi fenomena literatur utama. Dengan bertumbuhnya gerakan buruh, bentrokan antara anarkis dan komunis Marxis menjadi tidak terhindarkan. Kedua aliran ini terbelah di kongres kelima Internasional Pertama pada 1872. Peristiwa selanjutnya tidak membantu mengurangi kesenjangan. Anarkis berpartisipasi dengan antusias dalam Revolusi Rusia, tetapi begitu kelompok Bolshevik mengukuhkan kekuasaannya, kelompok anarkis ditekan dengan kejam terutama di Kronstadt dan Ukraina. Momen paling menonjol dari anarkisme adalah Perang Saudara Spanyol yang berakhir dengan kekalahan anarkis dan seukutunya. Anarkisme sebagai gerakan tampak mati setelah Perang Dunia II.

Namun, pada 1960-an mereka muncul kembali dalam berbagai bentuk, khususnya dalam gerakan antiglobalisasi. Bersama dengan tren anarkisme klasik, semakin banyak kelompok akar rumput yang mengadopsi cara organisasi yang anarkistik.

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Referensi

Sumber

Sumber sekunder (buku, jurnal)

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Sumber tersier (ensiklopedia & kamus)

Fiala, Andrew (2017-10-03). "Anarchism". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diakses tanggal 14 January 2019.
Forman, Michael (13 April 2009). Immanuel Ness, ed. The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest, 8 Volume Set: 1500 to the Present. Wiley. ISBN 978-1-4051-8464-9.
Lehning, Arthur (2003). "Anarchism". Dictionary of the History of Ideas. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal September 2006. Diakses tanggal 2018-12-23.
(Inggris) Entri Max Stirner di Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Miller, Martin A.; Woodcock, George; Dirlik, Arif; Rosemont, Franklin (14 September 2018). "Anarchism". Encyclopedia Britannica. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 14 September 2018. Diakses tanggal 21 December 2018. The current version of Anarchism in Britanicca
Miller, David (1991). The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Political Thought. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-631-17944-3.
(Inggris) Entri William Godwin di Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy