Irak

Republika Irak
الجمهورية العراقية

(Al-Jumhuriyah Al-Iraqiyah)

Zastava Grb
Zastava Grb
Geslo
Allahu Akbar (arapski: Bog je velik)
Himna
Mawtini

Položaj Iraka
Glavni grad Bagdad
Službeni jezik arapski i kurdski
Državni vrh
 - Predsjednik Latif Rashid
 - Predsjednik Vlade Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani
Neovisnost Od Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva 3. listopada 1932.
Površina 57. po veličini
 - ukupno 438 317 km2
 - % vode 4,62 %
Stanovništvo 36. po veličini
 - ukupno (2020.) 40 222 503[1]
 - gustoća 92/km2
Valuta irački dinar (1000 filsa¹)
Pozivni broj +964
Vremenska zona UTC +3
Internetski nastavak .iq
(1) Izvan upotrebe

Republika Irak je država u jugozapadnoj Aziji. Obuhvaća područje Mezopotamije između rijeka Eufrat i Tigris i susjedna planinska i pustinjska područja. Na jugoistoku kratkom obalom (58 km) izlazi na Perzijski zaljev. Na jugu graniči s Kuvajtom i Saudijskom Arabijom, na zapadu s Jordanom i Sirijom, na sjeveru s Turskom i na sjeveru i istoku s Iranom.

Stanovništvo Iraka nije etnički i vjerski homogeno, iako je Islam najzastupljenija religija i pripada mu više od 95 % stanovništva. Tri dominantne zajednice su Arapi-šijiti (oko 60 % stanovništva), Arapi-suniti (oko 20 %) i Kurdi (oko 15 %).

Povijest

Nakon što je vojnom akcijom srušen režim dotadašnjeg predsjednika Saddama Huseina Irak se od travnja 2003. do lipnja 2004. nalazio pod okupacijom međunarodne koalicije pod vodstvom SAD-a. Dana 28. lipnja 2004. vlast je predana privremenoj iračkoj vladi koja je 30. siječnja 2005. provela izbore za Prijelaznu skupštinu. Američke, britanske i snage nekoliko drugih zemalja i dalje su u velikom broju prisutne u Iraku i bore se protiv iračkih gerilaca koji se protive okupaciji ili teže stvaranju islamske države.

Iračko gospodarstvo se temelji na proizvodnji nafte. Proizvodnja nafte trenutno je ograničena zbog oštećenja infrastrukture za ekstrakciju i transport i nesigurnosti u zemlji.

Geografija i priroda

Reljefna karta Iraka

Visoke planine, riječni krajobrazi, pustinja i uzak dio morske obale dominante su reljefne cjeline iračkoga pejzaža.

Planine

Na sjeveroistoku Iraka, iz susjedne Turske, u ovu se zemlju pruža planinski lanac Taurus, a na istoku, iz smjera Irana, lanac Zagros, Iransko gorje. Ovi su planinski lanci uglavnom strmi i goli, a njihovi vrhovi premašuju visinu od 3000 metara. Prema središtu zemlje, planine postaju sve niže i prelaze u dolinu rijeka Eufrat i Tigris

Eufrat i Tigris

Regija između rijeka Eufrata i Tigrisa naziva se Mezopotamija i predstavlja žitnicu bliskoistočnih zemalja. Rijeke teku kroz Irak sa sjeverozapada prema jugoistoku. Središnji dijelovi njihovih tokova natapaju polja i plantaže agruma i palmi datulja podignute na mjestu posječenih šuma u kojima su najzastupljenija bila stabla hrasta, platana, vrbe i topole. Donje tokove ovih rijeka prate močvarna područja s puno trstike koja su stanište brojnih ptica selica. Oko 150 kilometara sjeverno od ušća u Perzijski zaljev Eufrat i Tigris se spajaju u rijeku Sat al-Arab. Iračka morska obala duga je oko 60 kilometara. Na zapadu toka rijeke Eufrat reljef se postupno uspinje prelazeći u Sirijsku pustinju, koja se prostire i po susjednim zemljama. U ovom prirodnom prostoru vegetacija je pustinjska s tek pokojim grmom trave ili trnovitim trajnicama.

Klima

Irak se nalazi u suhoj klimatskoj zoni. Ljeta su vruća i s malo padalina, a zime blage i vlažne. Dok u Sirijskoj pustinji mogu proći godine a da ne padne kiša, u planinskoj regiji na sjeveroistoku zemlje zimi pada snijeg. Godišnja količina padalina u ovom području prelazi 1000 milimetara, dok je u Mezopotamiji uglavnom manja od 30 milimetara. U Bagdadu, glavnom gradu zemlje, koji je smješten u njezinu središtu, prosječna temperatura u siječnju iznosi 9°C, a u srpnju 33°C. Temperature nerijetko ljeti pređu 50°C.

Provincije u Iraku

Irak je podijeljen u 18 provincija (Arapski: muhafadhat, jednina - muhafadhah, Kurdski: پاریزگه Pârizgah). Provincije se dalje dijele u distrikte - qadhas.

  1. Baghdad
  2. Salah ad Din
  3. Diyala
  4. Wasit
  5. Maysan
  6. Al Basrah
  7. Dhi Qar
  8. Al Muthanna
  9. Al-Qādisiyyah
  1. Babil
  2. Karbala
  3. An Najaf
  4. Al Anbar
  5. Ninawa
  6. Dahuk
  7. Arbil
  8. At Ta'mim (Kirkuk)
  9. As Sulaymaniyah

Izvori

  1. Populacija Iraka [Populacija Iraka]. data.worldbank.org (engleski). Pristupljeno 4. lipnja 2022.

Vanjske poveznice

Sestrinski projekti
Zajednički poslužitelj ima stranicu o temi Irak
Zajednički poslužitelj ima još gradiva o temi Irak
Wječnik ima rječničku natuknicu Irak
Nedovršeni članak Irak koji govori o državi treba dopuniti. Dopunite ga prema pravilima Wikipedije.

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