Ácido isobutírico

Ácido isobutírico[1][2]
Fórmula esquelética Modelo de bólas
Identificadores
Número CAS 79-31-2
PubChem 6590
ChemSpider 6341
UNII 8LL210O1U0
Número UN 2529
DrugBank DB02531
KEGG C02632
ChEBI CHEBI:16135
ChEMBL CHEMBL108778
Ligando IUPHAR 1060
Número RTECS NQ4375000
3DMet B00469
Imaxes 3D Jmol Image 1
Propiedades
Fórmula molecular C4H8O2
Masa molar 88,11 g mol−1
Densidade 0.9697 g/cm3 (0 °C)
Punto de fusión −47 °C; −53 °F; 226 K
Punto de ebulición 155 °C; 311 °F; 428 K
Acidez (pKa) 4.86[4]
-56.06x10−6 cm3/mol
Perigosidade
Pictogramas GHS O pictograma do lume no Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)

Pictograma da corrosión no Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)

GHS06: TóxicoPictograma do signo de exclamación no Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)

Palabra sinal GHS Danger
NFPA 704
2
1
0

Se non se indica outra cousa, os datos están tomados en condicións estándar de 25 °C e 100 kPa.

O ácido isobutírico, tamén chamado ácido 2-metilpropanoico ou ácido isobutanoico, é un ácido carboxílico con fórmula estrutural (CH3)2CHCOOH. Ácido isobutírico é un nome trivial aceptado polas regras da IUPAC.[5] É un isómero do ácido n-butírico. A súa desprotonación ou esterificación dá lugar a derivados chamados isobutiratos.

O ácido isobutírico é un líquido incoloro cun cheiro máis ben desagradable. É soluble en auga e solventes orgánicos. Atópase en estado libre na alfarrobeira (Ceratonia siliqua), na vanilla e na raíz de Arnica dulcis, e en forma de etil éster no aceite de Croton tiglium.[6]

Produción

O ácido isobutírico prepárase por oxidación de isobutiraldehido, que é un subproduto da hidroformilación do propileno.[7]

Tamén se pode preparar por hidrocarboxilación a alta presión (reacción de Koch) a partir do propileno:[7]

CH3CH=CH2 + CO + H2O → (CH3)2CHCO2H

Coñécense outras moitas rutas de obtención, como a hidrólise de isobutironitrilo con álcalis e a oxidación de isobutanol con dicromato de potasio en presenza de ácido sulfúrico,[8] En presenza de doantes de protóns, a acción da amálgama de sodio sobre o ácido metacrílico tamén dá lugar a ácido isobutírico.[6]

O ácido isobutírico pode tamén fabricarse comercialmente utilizando bacterias modificadas xeneticamente usando azucres como materia base.[9]

Reaccións

Cando se quenta cunha solución de ácido crómico oxídase a acetona. O permanganato de potasio alcalino oxídao[6] a ácido α-hidroxiisobutírico, (CH3)2C(OH)-CO2H.

Notas

  1. Merck Index, 11th Edition, 5039
  2. "Archived copy". Arquivado dende o orixinal o 17 de febreiro de 2015. Consultado o 2015-03-13.  Arquivado 17 de febreiro de 2015 en Wayback Machine.
  3. "Front Matter". Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 748. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. 
  4. Bjerrum, J.; et al. (1958). Stability Constants. London: Chemical Society. 
  5. Panico R, Powell WH, Richer JC, eds. (1993). "Recomendación R-9.1". A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds. IUPAC/Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-632-03488-2. 
  6. 6,0 6,1 6,2 Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Butyric Acid". Encyclopædia Britannica 4 (11ª ed.). Cambridge University Press (en inglés). p. 892. 
  7. 7,0 7,1 Riemenschneider, Wilhelm; Bolt, Hermann (2000). Esters, Organic. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. p. 10. ISBN 978-3527306732. doi:10.1002/14356007.a09_565. 
  8. I. Pierre and E. Puchot (1873). "New Studies on Valerianic Acid and its Preparation on a Large Scale". Ann. Chim. Phys. 28: 366. 
  9. "Biological pathways to produce methacrylate". Arquivado dende o orixinal o 02 de maio de 2012. Consultado o 2011-10-07.  Arquivado 02 de maio de 2012 en Wayback Machine.

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