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Seneferibrê Senousert

Seneferibrê Senousert IV
Image illustrative de l’article Seneferibrê Senousert
Statue colossale en granite rose de Seneferibrê Senousert IV, trouvée à Karnak
Période Deuxième Période intermédiaire
Fonction roi

Seneferibrê Senousert IV (ou Sésostris IV) est un roi d'Égypte de la Deuxième Période intermédiaire.

Attestations

Le Canon royal de Turin ne le mentionne pas, probablement affecté par la grosse lacune qui suit Merkaourê Sobekhotep. Seneferibrê Senousert est attesté sur la liste de Karnak sous son nom Senefer[...]rê, à la position 56. La plus importante attestation contemporaine du roi est une statue colossale de 2,75 m de haut, sculptée en granit rose et découverte à Karnak en 1901 par Georges Legrain[1]. Parmi les autres attestations, on peut citer un bloc de Tôd et l'angle supérieur droit d'une stèle découverte en 1907 par Georges Legrain à Karnak et sur laquelle est inscrite la date 1re année, 2e mois de Chémou, 1er jour du règne de Seneferibrê Senousert IV[2],[3]. Enfin, un linteau d'Edfou et une lame de hache portant le nom de Sa-Rê Senousert ont également été attribués à Seneferibrê Senousert sur la base de considérations stylistiques[3], mais dans le cas de la lame de hache, certains l'ont attribuée à Sésostris Ier[4].

Position chronologique

Selon Jürgen von Beckerath, Claude Vandersleyen et Julien Siesse, Seneferibrê Senousert appartenait à la fin de la XIIIe dynastie[5],[6],[7], tandis que Kim Steven Bardrum Ryholt le classe comme un roi de la XVIe dynastie avec une position incertaine dans la dynastie[3], ou bien Norbert Dautzenberg propose que Seneferibrê Senousert fasse partie de la XVIIe dynastie. Dautzenberg fonde cette hypothèse sur sa lecture de l'entrée 11.4 du Canon royal de Turin comme se référant à Seneferibrê Senousert. Il attribue également à ce roi des graffitis sur une porte du temple de Montou à Médamoud mentionnant un roi Senousert, puisque la porte a été décorée par Sekhemrê-Ouadjkhâou Sobekemsaf Ier, qui vivait, selon lui, au début de la XVIIe dynastie[8]. Les deux arguments sont rejetés par Ryholt : tout d'abord, Ryholt note que le nom à la position 11.4 du Canon royal de Turin n'est pas compatible avec celui de Seneferibrê Senousert et deuxièmement, il observe que la porte du temple de Montou à Médamoud a été construite par Sésostris III ; les graffitis sont donc susceptibles de se référer à ce roi plutôt qu'à Seneferibrê Senousert IV. Dans le nouvel arrangement[9], la dynastie de Seneferibrê Senousert IV est laissée partiellement indéterminée, étant simplement classée comme étant de la fin de la XIIIe dynastie au début de la XVIIe dynastie.

Titulature

Notes et références

  1. Georges Legrain, Statue Cairo CG 42026, Annales du Service des antiquités de l’Égypte no 2 (1901), p. 272 ; Georges Legrain 1906, I, p. 15–16, pl.16.
  2. Georges Legrain, « Sur une stèle de Senousrit IV », dans : Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale ; Mission Archéologique Française ; Recueil de travaux relatifs à la philologie et à l'archéologie égyptiennes et assyriennes : pour servir de bulletin à la Mission Française du Caire, (1908), available online
  3. a b et c Kim Steven Bardrum Ryholt, The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period c. 1800-1550 B.C, Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications 20., Copenhagen, 1997, (ISBN 8772894210).
  4. Axe-blade: Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology 16324, visible online here. Flinders Petrie: Tools and Weapons, 9, pl. 5
  5. Jürgen von Beckerath, Untersuchungen zur politischen Geschichte der Zweiten Zwischenzeit in Ägypten, Glückstadt, 1964.
  6. Jürgen von Beckerath, Chronologie des pharaonischen Ägyptens, Münchner Ägyptologische Studien 46. Mainz am Rhein, 1997.
  7. Julien Siesse, Throne Names Patterns as a Clue for the Internal Chronology of the 13th to 17th Dynasties (Late Middle Kingdom and Second Intermediate Period), GM 246, 2015, p. 75-98.
  8. Norbert Dautzenberg, SeneferibRe Sesostris IV. – ein König der 17. Dynastie?, (Göttinger Miszellen 129), Göttingen 1992, p. 43–48.
  9. On Digital Egypt for Universities

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