Quercus afares

Le chêne afarès, بلوط_الأفراس en arabe, est un arbre à feuillage caduc de la famille des Fagacées, du genre Quercus, endémique d'Algérie et de Tunisie.

Le nom vernaculaire arabe, afares, a probablement inspiré le paléontologue et botaniste Auguste Pomel. Le nom tamazight est techt[1].

Description générale

La description est issue de la diagnose d'Auguste Pomel[2] et de la description de Pierre Quézel & Sébastien Santa[3] et de Germaine Pottier-Alapetite[4].

  • Port général : arbre pouvant atteindre 25 à 30 mètres, au port fastigié étant jeune puis devenant pyramidal en se terminant en dôme arrondi.
  • Appareil végétatif : tronc à l'écorce très rugueuse. Feuilles caduques ; oblongues plus ou moins lancéolées, dentées comme les feuilles d'un châtaignier, à la base arrondie et au sommet en pointe ; veloutées sur les deux faces lorsqu'elles sont jeunes, puis parsemées de poils au-dessus et veloutées en dessous ; nervures secondaires assez nombreuses et parallèles.
  • Appareil reproducteur : Cupules couvertes d'écailles étalées ou retroussées. Glands mûrissant l'année suivante.
  • Origine : Quercus afares est une espèce stabilisée née de l'hybridation entre Quercus suber et Quercus canariensis[5].

Taxonomie

La Base de données des plantes d'Afrique (BDPA) (4 juin 2013)[6] donne les synonymes :

  • synonyme homotypique : Quercus castaniifolia subsp. afares (Pomel) Maire (1933)
  • synonymes hétérotypiques :
    • Quercus afares var. cerrifolia (Villar) Maire & Weiller (1961)
    • Quercus castaniifolia f. incana Trab. (1890)
    • Quercus afares var. incana (Trab.) Maire (1961)
    • Quercus castaniifolia auct. Algérie
    • Quercus afares var. virescens (Trab.) Maire (1961)

Écologie

Références

Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :

  1. Voir Trabut en ligne.
  2. Auguste Pomel, Nouveaux matériaux pour la flore atlantique, Paris, Savy, , 399 p. (lire en ligne), p. 391-393
  3. a et b P. Quézel et S. Santa (préf. L. Emberger), Nouvelle flore de l’Algérie et des régions désertiques méridionales, t. 1, Paris, CNRS, , 565 p. (lire en ligne), p. 264;266
  4. a b et c Germaine Pottier-Alapetite, Flore de la Tunisie : angiospermes, dicotylédones, vol. 2 : Apétales-Dialypétales, Tunis, éd. Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche scientifique/Ministère de l'Agriculture, (lire en ligne)
  5. (en) C. Mir, L. Toumi, P. Jarne, V. Sarda, F. Di Giusto et R. Lumaret, « Endemic North African Quercus afares Pomel originates from hybridisation between two genetically very distant oak species (Q. suber L. and Q. canariensis Willd.): evidence from nuclear and cytoplasmic markers. », Heredity (Edinb)., vol. 96, no 2,‎ , p. 175-184 (lire en ligne)
  6. Base de données des plantes d'Afrique (BDPA), consulté le 4 juin 2013
  7. M. Laribi, A. Derridj et M. Acherar, « Phytosociologie de la forêt caducifoliée à chêne zéen (Quercus canariensis Willd.) dans le massif d’Ath Ghobri-Akfadou (Grande Kabylie, Algérie) », Fitosociologia, vol. 45, no 2,‎ , p. 77-91 (lire en ligne).

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

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Références taxinomiques

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