Période 9 du tableau périodique

La période 9 du tableau périodique est la neuvième ligne, ou période, de certaines versions étendues du tableau périodique des éléments. Elle contient des éléments chimiques hypothétiques dont l'étude relève de la pure théorie et ne recouvre aucune réalité expérimentale, dans la mesure où la détection du premier élément de la 8e période, l'élément 119, est déjà à la limite extrême de résolution des infrastructures existantes en décembre 2016 : on situe généralement autour de Z = 130 la limite expérimentale du tableau périodique.

Une 9e période avait été proposée par Fricke et al. en 1971 pour classer 172 éléments chimiques[1] :

1  H He
2  Li Be B C N O F Ne
3  Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
4  K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
5  Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
6  Cs Ba   La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
7  Fr Ra   Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
8  119 120 * 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164  
9  165 166 ↓     167 168 169 170 171 172
  * 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140  

En 2011, Pekka Pyykkö a développé cette classification en réorganisant les périodes 8 et 9 de telle sorte que les éléments 139 et 140 soient placés dans le bloc p et non dans le bloc g, et que les éléments 169 à 172 soient classés sur la période 8 et non sur la période 9[2] :

1  H He
2  Li Be B C N O F Ne
3  Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
4  K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
5  Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
6  Cs Ba   La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
7  Fr Ra   Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
8  119 120 * 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 139 140 169 170 171 172
9  165 166 ↓     167 168  
  * 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138      

Références

  1. ↑ (en) B. Fricke, W. Greiner et J.T. Waber, « The continuation of the periodic table up to Z = 172. The chemistry of superheavy elements », Theoretica Chimica Acta,‎ (DOI 10.1007/BF01172015, lire en ligne)
  2. ↑ (en) Pekka Pyykkö, « A suggested periodic table up to Z ≤ 172, based on Dirac–Fock calculations on atoms and ions », Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 13, no 1,‎ , p. 161-168 (PMID 20967377, DOI 10.1039/C0CP01575J, Bibcode 2011PCCP...13..161P, lire en ligne)

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