Jonas Žemaitis-Vytautas

Jonas Žemaitis-Vytautas
Jonas Žemaitis-Vytautas en 1928.
Fonction
Président de la République de Lituanie
-
Biographie
Naissance
Décès
Nationalité
Formation
Activités
Militaire, résistantVoir et modifier les données sur Wikidata
Autres informations
Grade militaire
Distinctions

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Jonas Žemaitis-Vytautas, né le à Palanga et mort le à Moscou, est un général lituanien. Il fut un des derniers chefs des partisans lituaniens qui luttèrent contre l'occupation soviétique.

De par son combat dans la résistance anti-soviétique et sa personnalité il est considéré comme l'un des représentants les plus éminents du patriotisme lituanien.

Biographie

Il commence ses études en 1926 à l'école militaire de Kaunas puis entre 1936 et 1938 il étudie en France à l'École d'application de l'artillerie de Fontainebleau. Il finit ses études avec le grade de capitaine.

À la suite de l'invasion soviétique, il rejoint en l’armée de libération lituanienne (lt) (Lietuvos laisvės armija). Durant l’été 1945, Žemaitis devient chef d’état-major de la division Zebenskis et prend alors le pseudonyme de Vytautas. En , il devient commandant du district militaire Kęstutis.

En , le Mouvement de lutte pour la libération de la Lituanie (Lietuvos Laisvės Kovų Sajūdis) qui réunit les différents groupes de partisans, est fondé. Jonas Žemaitis en est nommé chef du Présidium et devient ainsi le commandant suprême de la résistance pour toute la Lituanie, avec le grade de général.

En , il est paralysé à la suite d'une hémorragie cérébrale et vit caché dans un bunker. Le , à la suite d’une trahison, les Soviétiques découvrent le refuge où il se cachait. Žemaitis est transféré à Moscou où il est exécuté le dans la prison de la Boutyrka.

Hommages

Le , l'Académie militaire de Lituanie est rebaptisée Académie militaire général Jonas Žemaitis (en).

Le , considérant que Jonas Žemaitis fut le représentant de l’autorité lituanienne entre le et sa mort, le Parlement lituanien l'a officiellement nommé 4e président de la république de Lituanie.

Notes et références

(en) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé « Jonas Žemaitis » (voir la liste des auteurs).
(lt) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en lituanien intitulé « Jonas Žemaitis-Vytautas » (voir la liste des auteurs).

Liens externes

v · m
Indépendance pré-soviétique
(1922 – 1940)
Indépendance post-soviétique
(Depuis 1990)

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