John A. Osborn

John A. Osborn
Biographie
Naissance
Décès
(à 60 ans)
Strasbourg
Nationalité
Britannique
Formation
Activité
Autres informations
A travaillé pour
Membre de
Dir. de thèse
Distinctions

John A. Osborn ( - ) est un chimiste britannique. Il a beaucoup contribué au développement de la catalyse homogène et de la chimie organométallique.

Biographie

Après des études à l'université de Cambridge en Angleterre (Bachelor with honours 1962), il obtient une thèse de doctorat à l'université Imperial College à Londres sous la direction de Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson (prix Nobel de chimie 1973). Durant cette période, il contribue de façon décisive à la découverte du catalyseur de Wilkinson RhCl(PPh3)3[1]. Sous la recommandation de son directeur de thèse, il accepte un poste d'assistant-professor (1967-1972) puis d'associate-professor (1972-1975) à l'université Harvard à Cambridge aux États-Unis.

Son premier doctorant est alors Richard R. Schrock (prix Nobel de chimie 2005) avec lequel il développe le catalyseur de Schrock-Osborn [(PR3)2RhS2]+ (S = solvant) qui est une espèce cationique dérivée du catalyseur de Wilkinson[2],[3]. Durant son passage à Harvard, Il enseigne la chimie organométallique et la catalyse homogène avec les métaux de transition incitant des vocations dans ce domaine à de nombreux étudiants, notamment Ryōji Noyori (prix Nobel de chimie 2001) qui était étudiant post-doctorant à Harvard à la même période[4]. Il rencontre Jean-Marie Lehn (Prix Nobel de Chimie 1987) qui fut professeur invité à Harvard en 1972 puis en 1974 et qui l'invite à rejoindre l'université Louis-Pasteur de Strasbourg en 1975. À Strasbourg, il devient professeur de l'université et dirigera un laboratoire de recherche CNRS-université jusqu'à son décès prématuré. Durant cette période, il développe notamment :

Au cours des dernières années, il porta son attention sur les propriétés catalytiques de complexes oxo (M=O) et imido (M=NR) à haut degré d'oxydation. Ces observations ont conduit à la découverte de catalyseurs moléculaires nouveaux du rhénium(VII) pour le réarrangement d'alcools allyliques[9].

Prix et distinctions

Références

  1. (en) J. A. Osborn, F. H. Jardine, J. F. Young, G. Wilkinson, « The Preparation and Properties of Tris(triphenylphosphine)halogenorhodium(I) and Some Reactions Thereof Including Catalytic Homogeneous Hydrogenation of Olefins and Acetylenes and Their Derivatives », J. Am. Chem. Soc.,‎ , p. 1711-1732
  2. (en) R. R. Schrock, J. A. Osborn, « Catalytic hydrogenation using cationic rhodium complexes. I. Evolution of the catalytic system and the hydrogenation of olefins », J. Am. Chem. Soc.,‎ , p. 2134-2143
  3. (en) R. R. Schrock, J. A. Osborn, « Catalytic hydrogenation using cationic rhodium complexes. II. The selective hydrogenation of alkynes to cis olefins », J. Am. Chem. Soc.,‎ , p. 2143-2147
  4. (en) « Ryoji Noyori Facts - Nobel Prize »
  5. (en) J. Kress, J. A. Osborn, « Tungsten carbene complexes in olefin matathesis - a cationic and chiral active species. », J. Am. Chem. Soc.,‎ , p. 6346-6347
  6. (en) M. Huser, M. T. Youinou, J. A. Osborn, « Chlorocarbon activation: catalytic carbonylation of dichloromethane and chlorobenzene. », Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.,‎ , p. 1386-1388
  7. (en) P. Steffanut, J. A. Osborn, A. De Cian, J. Fischer, « Efficient homogeneous hydrosilylation of olefins by use of complexes of Pt-0 with selected electron-deficient olefins as ligands. », Chem. Eur. J.,‎ , p. 2008-2017
  8. (en) Y. N. C. Chan, J. A. Osborn, « Iridium(III) hydride complexes for the catalytic enantioselective hydrogination of imines », J. Am. Chem. Soc.,‎ , p. 9400-9401
  9. (en) S. Bellemin-Laponnaz, H. Gisie, J. P. Le Ny, J. A. Osborn, « Mechanistic insights into the very efficient [ReO3OSiR3]-catalyzed isomerization of allyl alcohols. », Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,‎ , p. 976-978

Liens externes

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