Hydrox

L'hydrox est un mélange gazeux (dihydrogène-dioxygène) utilisé en plongée sous-marine très profonde. Il permet de descendre à plusieurs centaines de mètres[1],[2],[3].

Le dihydrogène est le plus léger des gaz (2 fois plus léger que l'hélium) mais possède tout de même un pouvoir narcotique[2],[3].

Histoire

Bien que les premières utilisations répertoriées de l’hydrogène semblent remonter à Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794) qui en aurait fait respirer à des cochons d’Inde, les réels débuts de l'utilisation de ce gaz en plongée sont généralement attribués aux expériences de l’ingénieur suédois Arne Zetterstrom en 1943[3].

Ce dernier montra que l’hydrogène était parfaitement utilisable à grande profondeur. Malheureusement, à la suite d'une erreur de l'équipe de surface, il décéda au cours d'une plongée de démonstration. L’étude de l’hydrogène ne reprit que bien des années plus tard, d’abord avec l’US Navy, puis par la société COMEX qui développa les procédures permettant à des plongeurs d’évoluer entre 500 et 700 m de profondeur en respirant des mélanges à base d’hydrogène, tels que l’hydrox (hydrogène-oxygène) ou l’hydreliox (hydrogène-hélium-oxygène)[1],[4].

Utilisation

Ce gaz permettrait de lutter notamment contre le SNHP, accident fréquent lors de plongées très profondes[5].

Ces études connurent un succès retentissant, avec la plongée simulée à -701 mètres de Théo Mavrostomos le à Marseille dans le CEH de la COMEX lors de l’expérience en caisson Hydra X. Cette plongée en fait l'homme le plus profond du monde[6].

L’hydrogène est un gaz potentiellement explosif en présence d’oxygène. La manipulation de ce mélange, ainsi que les contrôles qui en découlent posent des problèmes techniques très importants qui limitent pour l’instant son application aux seuls professionnels.

Biochimiques de décompression

La marine des États-Unis a évalué l'importance de la flore intestinale bactérienne sur la vitesse de décompression de l'HYDROX de plongée sous-marine[7],[8],[9].

Sources : Le journal A bloc ! n°1

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

Liens externes

Notes et références

  1. a et b (en) W. P. Fife, « The use of Non-Explosive mixtures of hydrogen and oxygen for diving », Texas A&M University Sea Grant, vol. TAMU-SG-79-201,‎
  2. a et b (en) Brauer RW (ed)., « Hydrogen as a Diving Gas. », 33rd Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society Workshop., Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, no UHMS Publication Number 69(WS-HYD)3-1-87,‎ , p. 336 pages (lire en ligne, consulté le )
  3. a b et c (en) Ornhagen H, « Hydrogen-Oxygen (Hydrox) breathing at 1.3 MPa. », National Defence Research Institute, vol. FOA Rapport C58015-H1,‎ (ISSN 0347-7665)
  4. (en) J. C. Rostain, « Effects of a H2-He-O2 mixture on the HPNS up to 450 msw. », Undersea Biomed. Res., vol. 15, no 4,‎ , p. 257–70 (ISSN 0093-5387, OCLC 2068005, PMID 3212843, lire en ligne, consulté le )
  5. (en) W. L. Hunger Jr, « The causes, mechanisms and prevention of the high pressure nervous syndrome », Undersea Biomed. Res., vol. 1, no 1,‎ , p. 1–28 (ISSN 0093-5387, OCLC 2068005, PMID 4619860, lire en ligne, consulté le )
  6. (en) Lafay V, Barthelemy P, Comet B, Frances Y, Jammes Y, « ECG changes during the experimental human dive HYDRA 10 (71 atm/7,200 kPa) », Undersea Hyperb Med, vol. 22, no 1,‎ , p. 51–60 (PMID 7742710, lire en ligne, consulté le )
  7. (en) Ball R, « Biochemical decompression of hydrogen by naturally occurring bacterial flora in pigs: what are the implications for human hydrogen diving? », Undersea Hyperb Med, vol. 28, no 2,‎ , p. 55–6 (PMID 11908695, lire en ligne, consulté le )
  8. (en) Kayar SR, Fahlman A, « Decompression sickness risk reduced by native intestinal flora in pigs after H2 dives », Undersea Hyperb Med, vol. 28, no 2,‎ , p. 89–97 (PMID 11908700, lire en ligne, consulté le )
  9. (en) Fahlman, A, « On the Physiology of Hydrogen Diving and Its Implication for Hydrogen Biochemical Decompression. », PhD Thesis. Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,‎ (lire en ligne, consulté le )

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